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Deep learning has become a popular tool across many scientific fields, including the study of differential equations, particularly partial differential equations. This work introduces the basic principles of deep learning and the Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Georgios Is. Detorakis

Building on our previous work on Fredholm Neural Networks (Fredholm NNs/ FNNs) for solving integral equations, we extend the framework to inverse problems for linear and nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. The proposed scheme…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Kyriakos C. Georgiou , Constantinos Siettos , Athanasios N. Yannacopoulos

In supervised learning using kernel methods, we often encounter a large-scale finite-sum minimization over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). Large-scale finite-sum problems can be solved using efficient variants of Newton method,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Ting-Jui Chang , Shahin Shahrampour

In this paper we use an iterative algorithm for solving Fredholm equations of the first kind. The basic algorithm is known and is based on an EM algorithm when involved functions are non-negative and integrable. With this algorithm we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-28 Minwoo Chae , Ryan Martin , Stephen G. Walker

This paper is concerned with the solution of large-scale linear discrete ill-posed problems with error-contaminated data. Tikhonov regularization is a popular approach to determine meaningful approximate solutions of such problems. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-02-11 Guangxin Huang , Silvia Noschese , Lothar Reichel

We investigate the strong convergence properties of a proximal-gradient inertial algorithm with two Tikhonov regularization terms in connection to the minimization problem of the sum of a convex lower semi-continuous function $f$ and a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Szilárd Csaba László

Learning the principal eigenfunctions of an integral operator defined by a kernel and a data distribution is at the core of many machine learning problems. Traditional nonparametric solutions based on the Nystr{\"o}m formula suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhijie Deng , Jiaxin Shi , Jun Zhu

We consider radial complex scaling/perfectly matched layer methods for scalar resonance problems in homogeneous exterior domains. We introduce a new abstract framework to analyze the convergence of domain truncations and discretizations.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Martin Halla

We studied the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the numerical solution of the oscillatory Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. It is known that the solution of the equation exhibits certain oscillatory behaviors due to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Jie Jiang , Yuesheng Xu

We study gradient-based regularization methods for neural networks. We mainly focus on two regularization methods: the total variation and the Tikhonov regularization. Applying these methods is equivalent to using neural networks to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Lingfeng Li , Xue-Cheng Tai , Jiang Yang

This work considers stochastic Galerkin approximations of linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with stochastic forcing terms and stochastic diffusion coefficients, that cannot be bounded uniformly away from zero and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Fabio Musco , Andrea Barth

A feedforward neural network, including hidden layers, motivated by nonlinear functions (such as Tanh, ReLU, and Sigmoid functions), exhibits uniform approximation properties in Sobolev space, and discontinuous neural networks can reduce…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Xiaoyu Wang , Long Yuan , Yao Yu

We present a new approach to using neural networks to approximate the solutions of variational equations, based on the adaptive construction of a sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces whose basis functions are realizations of a sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mark Ainsworth , Justin Dong

We investigate the statistical recovery of solutions to first-kind Fredholm integral equations with discrete, scattered, and noisy pointwise measurements. Assuming the forward operator's range belongs to the Sobolev space of order $m$,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Duan-Peng Ling , Wenlong Zhang

We generalize the framework of Fredholm Neural Networks, to learn non-expansive integral operators arising in Fredholm Integral Equations (FIEs) of the second kind in arbitrary dimensions. We first present the proposed Fredholm Integral…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Kyriakos C. Georgiou , Constantinos Siettos , Athanasios N. Yannacopoulos

This paper studies the use of Multi-Grade Deep Learning (MGDL) for solving highly oscillatory Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. We provide rigorous error analyses of continuous and discrete MGDL models, showing that the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Jie Jiang , Yuesheng Xu

We present a machine learning approach to the inversion of Fredholm integrals of the first kind. The approach provides a natural regularization in cases where the inverse of the Fredholm kernel is ill-conditioned. It also provides an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-12-16 Louis-Francois Arsenault , Richard Neuberg , Lauren A. Hannah , Andrew J. Millis

This article is dedicated to research of approximation properties of B-splines and Lagrangian finite elements in Hilbert spaces of functions defined on surfaces in three-dimensional space. Hereinafter the conditions are determined for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Olexandr Polishchuk

We propose a method for the approximation of high- or even infinite-dimensional feature vectors, which play an important role in supervised learning. The goal is to reduce the size of the training data, resulting in lower storage…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-06 Patrick Gelß , Stefan Klus , Ingmar Schuster , Christof Schütte

In this work, we consider ill-posed inverse problems in which the forward operator is continuous and weakly closed, and the sought solution belongs to a weakly closed constraint set. We propose a regularization method based on minimizing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Barbara Palumbo , Paolo Massa , Federico Benvenuto