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Quantum devices can process data in a fundamentally different way than classical computers. To leverage this potential, many algorithms require the aid of a quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM), i.e. a module capable of efficiently loading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Francesco Cesa , Hannes Bernien , Hannes Pichler

Operating on the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms hold the promise for solving problems that are beyond the reach of the best-available classical algorithms. An integral part of realizing such speedup is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-03 Shifan Xu , Connor T. Hann , Ben Foxman , Steven M. Girvin , Yongshan Ding

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) holds the promise of enabling several large scale applications of quantum computers. However, designing fault tolerant QRAMs for large scale applications is still an open problem due to the poor error and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ansh Singal , Kaitlin N. Smith

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) has the potential to revolutionize the area of quantum computing. QRAM uses quantum computing principles to store and modify quantum or classical data efficiently, greatly accelerating a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Koustubh Phalak , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum random-access memory (QRAM) is a mechanism to access data (quantum or classical) based on addresses which are themselves a quantum state. QRAM has a long and controversial history, and here we survey and expand arguments and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Samuel Jaques , Arthur G. Rattew

Efficient and coherent data retrieval and storage are essential for harnessing quantum algorithms' speedup. Such a fundamental task is addressed by a quantum Random Access Memory (qRAM). Despite their promising scaling properties, current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Giuseppe De Riso , Giuseppe Catalano , Seth Lloyd , Vittorio Giovannetti , Dario De Santis

A random access memory (RAM) uses n bits to randomly address N=2^n distinct memory cells. A quantum random access memory (qRAM) uses n qubits to address any quantum superposition of N memory cells. We present an architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

Quantum random access memory (QRAM) enables efficient classical data access for quantum computers -- a prerequisite for many quantum algorithms to achieve quantum speedup. Despite various proposals, the experimental realization of QRAM…

Quantum supremacy in many applications using well-known quantum algorithms rely on availability of data in quantum format. Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM), an equivalent of classical Random Access Memory (RAM), fulfills this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Koustubh Phalak , Junde Li , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum random access memory (QRAM) is required for numerous quantum algorithms and network architectures. Previous work has shown that the ubiquitous bucket-brigade QRAM is highly resilient to arbitrary local incoherent noise channels…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Rohan Mehta , Gideon Lee , Liang Jiang

Quantum devices should operate in adherence to quantum physics principles. Quantum random access memory (QRAM), a fundamental component of many essential quantum algorithms for tasks such as linear algebra, data search, and machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Yunfei Wang , Yuri Alexeev , Liang Jiang , Frederic T. Chong , Junyu Liu

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is a crucial architectural component for querying classical or quantum data in superposition, enabling algorithms with wide-ranging applications in quantum arithmetic, quantum chemistry, machine learning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Shifan Xu , Alvin Lu , Yongshan Ding

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is critical to classical computing but notably absent in current superconducting quantum processors. Integrating high-coherence memory units would enable resource-efficient control of logical qubits and…

Quantum Random Access Memory (qRAM) is an essential computing element for running oracle-based quantum algorithms. qRAM exploits quantum superposition to access all data stored in the memory cells simultaneously and guarantees the superior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Dongmin Kim , Sengthai Heng , Sanghyeon Lee , Youngsun Han

Quantum random-access look-up of a string of classical bits is a necessary ingredient in several important quantum algorithms. In some cases, the cost of such quantum random-access memory (qRAM) is the limiting factor in the implementation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-24 Olivia Di Matteo , Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca

A random access memory, or RAM, is a device that, when interrogated, returns the content of a memory location in a memory array. A quantum RAM, or qRAM, allows one to access superpositions of memory sites, which may contain either quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

Giovannetti, Lloyd, and Maccone [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 160501] proposed a quantum random access memory (QRAM) architecture to retrieve arbitrary superpositions of $N$ (quantum) memory cells via $O(\log(N))$ quantum switches and $O(\log(N))$…

Quantum algorithms claim significant speedup over their classical counterparts for solving many problems. An important aspect of many of these algorithms is the existence of a quantum oracle, which needs to be implemented efficiently in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

We present a protocol for fault-tolerantly implementing the logical quantum random access memory (QRAM) operation, given access to a specialized, noisy QRAM device. For coherently accessing classical memories of size $2^n$, our protocol…

Quantum algorithms often use quantum RAMs (QRAM) for accessing information stored in a database-like manner. QRAMs have to be fast, resource efficient and fault-tolerant. The latter is often influenced by access speeds, because shorter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Alexandru Paler , Oumarou Oumarou , Robert Basmadjian
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