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This scientific publication focuses on the efficient application of boundary value analysis in the testing of corner cases for kinematic-based safety-critical driving scenarios within the domain of autonomous driving. Corner cases, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Nico Schick

While automated driving technology has achieved a tremendous progress, the scalable and rigorous testing and verification of safe automated and autonomous driving vehicles remain challenging. This paper proposes a learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Andrea Favrin , Vladislav Nenchev , Angelo Cenedese

The automotive domain is shifting to software-centric development to meet regulation, market pressure, and feature velocity. This shift increases embedded systems' complexity and strains testing capacity. Despite relevant standards, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Denesa Zyberaj , Pascal Hirmer , Marco Aiello , Stefan Wagner

Existing safety assurance approaches for autonomous vehicles (AVs) perform system-level safety evaluation by placing the AV-under-test in challenging traffic scenarios captured by abstract scenario specifications and investigated in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aren A. Babikian , Oszkár Semeráth , Dániel Varró

The development of automated vehicles and automated driving functions is an exceptionally complex task that requires the integration of numerous, sometimes conflicting interests and various constraints already in the early stages of system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Robert Graubohm , Markus Maurer

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

Knowledge representation and reasoning has a long history of examining how knowledge can be formalized, interpreted, and semantically analyzed by machines. In the area of automated vehicles, recent advances suggest the ability to formalize…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Lukas Westhofen , Christian Neurohr , Martin Butz , Maike Scholtes , Michael Schuldes

Testing of autonomous systems is extremely important as many of them are both safety-critical and security-critical. The architecture and mechanism of such systems are fundamentally different from traditional control software, which appears…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

This survey provides an analysis of current methodologies integrating legal and logical specifications into the perception, prediction, and planning modules of automated driving systems. We systematically explore techniques ranging from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Kumar Manas , Mert Keser , Alois Knoll

Simulation is an indispensable tool in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles (AVs), offering an efficient and safe alternative to road testing. An outstanding challenge with simulation-based testing is the generation of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peide Huang , Wenhao Ding , Benjamin Stoler , Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Ding Zhao

Specifying the intended behaviour of autonomous systems is becoming increasingly important but is fraught with many challenges. This technical report provides an overview of existing work on specifications of autonomous systems and places a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Andrew Sogokon , Burak Yuksek , Gokhan Inalhan , Neeraj Suri

Autonomous Driving (AD) systems demand the high levels of safety assurance. Despite significant advancements in AD demonstrated on open-source benchmarks like Longest6 and Bench2Drive, existing datasets still lack regulatory-compliant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingzheng Li , Tiancheng Wang , Xingyu Peng , Jiacheng Chen , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Xianglong Liu

Autonomous systems control many tasks in our daily lives. To increase trust in those systems and safety of the interaction between humans and autonomous systems, the system behaviour and reasons for autonomous decision should be explained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Maike Schwammberger , Verena Klös

Safety is an essential aspect in the facilitation of automated vehicle deployment. Current testing practices are not enough, and going beyond them leads to infeasible testing requirements, such as needing to drive billions of kilometres on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Felix Batsch , Alireza Daneshkhah , Madeline Cheah , Stratis Kanarachos , Anthony Baxendale

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jonas Krook , Yuvaraj Selvaraj , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Martin Fabian

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to lower the accident rate when compared to human driving. Moreover, it is the driving force of the automated vehicles' rapid development over the last few years. In the higher Society of Automotive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

The introduction of automated vehicles demands a way to prove their safe operation. However, validating the safety of automated vehicles is still an unsolved problem. While the scenario-based test approach seems to provide a possible…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-23 Markus Steimle , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer

Automation systems are increasingly being used in dynamic and various operating conditions. With higher flexibility demands, they need to promptly respond to surrounding dynamic changes by adapting their operation. Context information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Nada Sahlab , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Autonomous Vehicles (AV)'s wide-scale deployment appears imminent despite many safety challenges yet to be resolved. The modern autonomous vehicles will undoubtedly include machine learning and probabilistic techniques that add significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot