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Monocular 3D object tracking aims to estimate temporally consistent 3D object poses across video frames, enabling autonomous agents to reason about scene dynamics. However, existing state-of-the-art approaches are fully supervised and rely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Nikhil Gosala , B. Ravi Kiran , Senthil Yogamani , Abhinav Valada

Depth Completion can produce a dense depth map from a sparse input and provide a more complete 3D description of the environment. Despite great progress made in depth completion, the sparsity of the input and low density of the ground truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Jiaqi Gu , Zhiyu Xiang , Yuwen Ye , Lingxuan Wang

The Mean-Teacher (MT) scheme is widely adopted in semi-supervised object detection (SSOD). In MT, the sparse pseudo labels, offered by the final predictions of the teacher (e.g., after Non Maximum Suppression (NMS) post-processing), are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Gang Li , Xiang Li , Yujie Wang , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang , Shanshan Zhang

Existing weakly or semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods utilize image or box-level supervision to generate pseudo-labels for weakly labeled images. However, due to the lack of strong supervision, the generated pseudo-labels are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Md Amirul Islam , Matthew Kowal , Sen Jia , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Neil D. B. Bruce

While multi-class 3D detectors are needed in many robotics applications, training them with fully labeled datasets can be expensive in labeling cost. An alternative approach is to have targeted single-class labels on disjoint data samples.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Mao Ye , Chenxi Liu , Maoqing Yao , Weiyue Wang , Zhaoqi Leng , Charles R. Qi , Dragomir Anguelov

In this paper, we address the limitations of the DETR-based semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) framework, particularly focusing on the challenges posed by the quality of object queries. In DETR-based SSOD, the one-to-one assignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Tahira Shehzadi , Khurram Azeem Hashmi , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Despite the remarkable performance of supervised medical image segmentation models, relying on a large amount of labeled data is impractical in real-world situations. Semi-supervised learning approaches aim to alleviate this challenge using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunyao Lu , Yihang Wu , Ahmad Chaddad , Tareef Daqqaq , Reem Kateb

Dominated point cloud-based 3D object detectors in autonomous driving scenarios rely heavily on the huge amount of accurately labeled samples, however, 3D annotation in the point cloud is extremely tedious, expensive and time-consuming. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Junbo Yin , Jin Fang , Dingfu Zhou , Liangjun Zhang , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen , Wenguan Wang

Weakly supervised 3D object detection aims to learn a 3D detector with lower annotation cost, e.g., 2D labels. Unlike prior work which still relies on few accurate 3D annotations, we propose a framework to study how to leverage constraints…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Kuan-Chih Huang , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Monocular 3D object detection continues to attract attention due to the cost benefits and wider availability of RGB cameras. Despite the recent advances and the ability to acquire data at scale, annotation cost and complexity still limit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Issa Mouawad , Nikolas Brasch , Fabian Manhardt , Federico Tombari , Francesca Odone

Unsupervised Camoflaged Object Detection (UCOD) has gained attention since it doesn't need to rely on extensive pixel-level labels. Existing UCOD methods typically generate pseudo-labels using fixed strategies and train 1 x1 convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weiqi Yan , Lvhai Chen , Huaijia Kou , Shengchuan Zhang , Yan Zhang , Liujuan Cao

To learn target discriminative representations, using pseudo-labels is a simple yet effective approach for unsupervised domain adaptation. However, the existence of false pseudo-labels, which may have a detrimental influence on learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jaehoon Choi , Minki Jeong , Taekyung Kim , Changick Kim

The unsupervised 3D object detection is to accurately detect objects in unstructured environments with no explicit supervisory signals. This task, given sparse LiDAR point clouds, often results in compromised performance for detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Ruiyang Zhang , Hu Zhang , Hang Yu , Zhedong Zheng

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages limited labeled and abundant unlabeled data but often faces challenges with data imbalance, especially in 3D contexts. This study investigates class-level confidence as an indicator of learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Zhimin Chen , Bing Li

3D weakly supervised semantic segmentation (3D WSSS) aims to achieve semantic segmentation by leveraging sparse or low-cost annotated data, significantly reducing reliance on dense point-wise annotations. Previous works mainly employ class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Xiaoxu Xu , Xuexun Liu , Jinlong Li , Yitian Yuan , Qiudan Zhang , Lin Ma , Nicu Sebe , Xu Wang

Self-driving cars must detect other vehicles and pedestrians in 3D to plan safe routes and avoid collisions. State-of-the-art 3D object detectors, based on deep learning, have shown promising accuracy but are prone to over-fit to domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Yurong You , Carlos Andres Diaz-Ruiz , Yan Wang , Wei-Lun Chao , Bharath Hariharan , Mark Campbell , Kilian Q Weinberger

Existing pseudo label generation methods for point weakly supervised object detection are inadequate in low data volume and dense object detection tasks. We consider the generation of weakly supervised pseudo labels as the model's sparse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chuyang Shang , Tian Ma , Wanzhu Ren , Yuancheng Li , Jiayi Yang

Unlabeled LiDAR logs, in autonomous driving applications, are inherently a gold mine of dense 3D geometry hiding in plain sight - yet they are almost useless without human labels, highlighting a dominant cost barrier for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Filippo Ghilotti , Samuel Brucker , Nahku Saidy , Matteo Matteucci , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

LiDAR-produced point clouds are the major source for most state-of-the-art 3D object detectors. Yet, small, distant, and incomplete objects with sparse or few points are often hard to detect. We present Sparse2Dense, a new framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Tianyu Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Zhengzhe Liu , Chi-Wing Fu

Noisy labeled data represent a rich source of information that often are easily accessible and cheap to obtain, but label noise might also have many negative consequences if not accounted for. How to fully utilize noisy labels has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-21 Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Cristina Soguero-Ruiz , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Robert Jenssen