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Amongst the most remarkable successes of quantum computation are Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for the computational tasks of integer factorisation and the evaluation of discrete logarithms. In this article we review the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-18 Richard Jozsa

Shor's algorithm (SA) is a quantum algorithm for factoring integers. Since SA has polynomial complexity while the best classical factoring algorithms are sub-exponential, SA is cited as evidence that quantum computers are more powerful than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-21 C. Ray Hill , George F. Viamontes

Ideal quantum algorithms usually assume that quantum computing is performed continuously by a sequence of unitary transformations. However, there always exist idle finite time intervals between consecutive operations in a realistic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. F. Wei , Xiao Li , Xuedong Hu , Franco Nori

Quantum computers can execute algorithms that dramatically outperform classical computation. As the best-known example, Shor discovered an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas factoring appears to be difficult for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Andrew M. Childs , Wim van Dam

We investigate the physical implementation of Shor's factorization algorithm on a Josephson charge qubit register. While we pursue a universal method to factor a composite integer of any size, the scheme is demonstrated for the number 21.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Juha J. Vartiainen , Antti O. Niskanen , Mikio Nakahara , Martti M. Salomaa

We consider a version of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm such that the quantum Fourier transform is replaced by an extremely simple one where decomposition coefficients take only the values of $1,i,-1,-i$. In numerous calculations which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Felix M Lev

The integer factorization problem (IFP) underpins the security of RSA, yet becomes efficiently solvable on a quantum computer through Shor's algorithm. Regev's recent high-dimensional variant reduces the circuit size through lattice-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Wentao Yang , Bao Yan , Muxi Zheng , Quanfeng Lu , Shijie Wei , Gui-Lu Long

Prime factorization on quantum processors is typically implemented either via circuit-based approaches such as Shor's algorithm or through Hamiltonian optimization methods based on adiabatic, annealing, or variational techniques. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 K. B. Hari Krishnan , Vishal Varma , T. S. Mahesh

We show how the execution time of algorithms on quantum computers depends on the architecture of the quantum computer, the choice of algorithms (including subroutines such as arithmetic), and the ``clock speed'' of the quantum computer. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Van Meter , Kohei M. Itoh , Thaddeus D. Ladd

A digital computer is generally believed to be an efficient universal computing device; that is, it is believed able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in computation time of at most a polynomial factor. This may not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-20 Peter W. Shor

We analyze the performance of a quantum computer architecture combining a small processor and a storage unit. By focusing on integer factorization, we show a reduction by several orders of magnitude of the number of processing qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Integer factorization has been one of the cornerstone applications of the field of quantum computing since the discovery of an efficient algorithm for factoring by Peter Shor. Unfortunately, factoring via Shor's algorithm is well beyond the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-28 Eric R. Anschuetz , Jonathan P. Olson , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Yudong Cao

The security of the RSA cryptosystem is based on the difficulty of factoring a large number N into prime numbers p and q satisfying N=p*q . This paper presents a prime factoriaation method using D-Wave quantum computer that can threaten the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Kyungtaek Jun

We present fast and highly parallelized versions of Shor's algorithm. With a sizable quantum computer it would then be possible to factor numbers with millions of digits. The main algorithm presented here uses FFT-based fast integer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christof Zalka

Variational algorithm using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) can solve the prime factorization problem in near-term noisy quantum computers. Conventional Variational Quantum Factoring (VQF) requires a large number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ling Qiu , Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

We report an experimental demonstration of a complied version of Shor's algorithm using four photonic qubits. We choose the simplest instance of this algorithm, that is, factorization of N=15 in the case that the period $r=2$ and exploit a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Chao-Yang Lu , Daniel E. Browne , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum-Kit is a graphical desktop application for quantum circuit simulations. Its powerful, memory-efficient computational engine enables large-scale simulations on a desktop. The ability to design hybrid circuits, with both quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Archana Tankasala , Hesameddin Ilatikhameneh

It is commonly assumed that Shor's quantum algorithm for the efficient factorization of a large number $N$ requires a pure initial state. Here we demonstrate that a single pure qubit together with a collection of $log_2 N$ qubits in an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 S. Parker , M. B. Plenio

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

Shor's algorithm can find prime factors of a large number more efficiently than any known classical algorithm. Understanding the properties that gives the speedup is essential for a general and scalable construction. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson