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Highly automated driving (HAD) vehicles are complex systems operating in an open context. Performance limitations originating from sensing and understanding the open context under triggering conditions may result in unsafe behavior, thus,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-08 Ahmad Adee , Roman Gansch , Peter Liggesmeyer , Claudius Glaeser , Florian Drews

The foundational role of datasets in defining the capabilities of deep learning models has led to their rapid proliferation. At the same time, published research focusing on the process of dataset development for environment perception in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Felix Grün , Marcus Nolte , Markus Maurer

Human drivers possess spatial and causal intelligence, enabling them to perceive driving scenarios, anticipate hazards, and react to dynamic environments. In contrast, autonomous vehicles lack these abilities, making it challenging to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Shucheng Huang , Freda Shi , Chen Sun , Jiaming Zhong , Minghao Ning , Yufeng Yang , Yukun Lu , Hong Wang , Amir Khajepour

With Highly Automated Driving (HAD), the driver can engage in non-driving-related tasks. In the event of a system failure, the driver is expected to reasonably regain control of the Automated Vehicle (AV). Incorrect system understanding may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Milin Patel , Rolf Jung , Yasin Cakir

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is a safety-critical system relying on complex sensors and algorithms. The AV may confront risk conditions if these sensors and algorithms misunderstand the environment and situation, even though all components…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Xingyu Xing , Tong Jia , Junyi Chen , Lu Xiong , Zhuoping Yu

Autonomous systems such as self-driving cars rely on sensors to perceive the surrounding world. Measures must be taken against attacks on sensors, which have been a hot topic in the last few years. For that goal one must first evaluate how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Koichi Shimizu , Daisuke Suzuki , Ryo Muramatsu , Hisashi Mori , Tomoyuki Nagatsuka , Tsutomu Matsumoto

Ensuring the safety of road vehicles at an acceptable level requires the absence of any unreasonable risk arising from all potential hazards linked to the intended au-tomated driving function and its implementation. The assurance that there…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Christian Reichenbächer , Jochen Hipp , Oliver Bringmann

Safety in the automotive domain is a well-known topic, which has been in constant development in the past years. The complexity of new systems that add more advanced components in each function has opened new trends that have to be covered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez , Helmut Martin , Christian Schwarzl , Georg Macher , Eugen Brenner

Driving Automation Systems (DAS) are subject to complex road environments and vehicle behaviors and increasingly rely on sophisticated sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI). These properties give rise to unique safety faults stemming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Krzysztof Czarnecki , Hiroshi Kuwajima

In the automobile industry, ensuring the safety of automated vehicles equipped with the Automated Driving System (ADS) is becoming a significant focus due to the increasing development and deployment of automated driving. Automated driving…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Milin Patel , Rolf Jung , Marzana Khatun

Perception algorithms in autonomous driving systems confront great challenges in long-tail traffic scenarios, where the problems of Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) could be triggered by the algorithm performance insufficiencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Liang Peng , Jun Li , Wenbo Shao , Hong Wang

Automated driving systems are safety-critical cyber-physical systems whose safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) can not be assumed without proper argumentation based on appropriate evidences. Recent advances in standards and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Lina Putze , Lukas Westhofen , Tjark Koopmann , Eckard Böde , Christian Neurohr

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are complex systems that drive in uncertain environments and potentially navigate unforeseeable situations. Safety of these systems requires not only an absence of malfunctions but also high performance of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Anne Collin , Artur Bilka , Scott Pendleton , Radboud Duintjer Tebbens

Autonomous Systems (AS) are increasingly proposed, or used, in Safety Critical (SC) applications. Many such systems make use of sophisticated sensor suites and processing to provide scene understanding which informs the AS' decision-making.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 John Molloy , John McDermid

In future mixed traffic Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV) will have to resolve interactions with human operated traffic. A particular problem for HAVs is detection of human states influencing safety critical decisions and driving behavior of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Werner Damm , Martin Fränzle , Andreas Lüdtke , Jochem W. Rieger , Alexander Trende , Anirudh Unni

Within the field of automated driving, a clear trend in environment perception tends towards more sensors, higher redundancy, and overall increase in computational power. This is mainly driven by the paradigm to perceive the entire…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Matti Henning , Johannes Müller , Fabian Gies , Michael Buchholz , Klaus Dietmayer

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Sinong Simon Zhan , Chengtian Lang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

The safety approval of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV) is economically infeasible with current approaches. For verification and validation, it is essential to describe the intended behavior of an HAV in the development process in order to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Moritz Lippert , Felix Glatzki , Hermann Winner

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the development of autonomous systems that use deep neural networks for perception. Formal verification of these systems is challenging due to the size and complexity of the perception DNNs as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Christopher Watson , Rajeev Alur , Divya Gopinath , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

Hybrid planner switching framework (HPSF) for autonomous driving needs to reconcile high-speed driving efficiency with safe maneuvering in dense traffic. Existing HPSF methods often fail to make reliable mode transitions or sustain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 He Li , Zhaowei Chen , Rui Gao , Guoliang Li , Qi Hao , Shuai Wang , Chengzhong Xu
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