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In this technical report, we present Skywork-13B, a family of large language models (LLMs) trained on a corpus of over 3.2 trillion tokens drawn from both English and Chinese texts. This bilingual foundation model is the most extensively…

Large text corpora are increasingly important for a wide variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, and automatic language identification (LangID) is a core technology needed to collect such datasets in a multilingual context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Isaac Caswell , Theresa Breiner , Daan van Esch , Ankur Bapna

Despite the excitement behind biomedical artificial intelligence (AI), access to high-quality, diverse, and large-scale data - the foundation for modern AI systems - is still a bottleneck to unlocking its full potential. To address this…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Giuseppe Samo , Paola Merlo

Large language models offer transformative potential for healthcare, yet their responsible and equitable development depends critically on a deeper understanding of how training data characteristics influence model behavior, including the…

Despite the progress we have recorded in the last few years in multilingual natural language processing, evaluation is typically limited to a small set of languages with available datasets which excludes a large number of low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Hannah Liu , Xiaoyu Shen , Nikita Vassilyev , Jesujoba O. Alabi , Yanke Mao , Haonan Gao , Annie En-Shiun Lee

Polyglot is a pioneering project aimed at enhancing the non-English language performance of multilingual language models. Despite the availability of various multilingual models such as mBERT (Devlin et al., 2019), XGLM (Lin et al., 2022),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hyunwoong Ko , Kichang Yang , Minho Ryu , Taekyoon Choi , Seungmu Yang , Jiwung Hyun , Sungho Park , Kyubyong Park

In 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, large-scale language models gained widespread attention. ChatGPT not only surpassed previous models in terms of parameters and the scale of its pretraining corpus but also achieved revolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yiming Ju , Huanhuan Ma

Imitation learning from large multi-task demonstration datasets has emerged as a promising path for building generally-capable robots. As a result, 1000s of hours have been spent on building such large-scale datasets around the globe.…

Text summarization plays a crucial role in natural language processing by condensing large volumes of text into concise and coherent summaries. As digital content continues to grow rapidly and the demand for effective information retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Tohida Rehman , Soumabha Ghosh , Kuntal Das , Souvik Bhattacharjee , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal , Samiran Chattopadhyay

Does the training of large language models potentially infringe upon code licenses? Furthermore, are there any datasets available that can be safely used for training these models without violating such licenses? In our study, we assess the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Jonathan Katzy , Răzvan-Mihai Popescu , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise for medical applications and are evolving rapidly, with new models being released at an accelerated pace. However, benchmarking on large-scale real-world data such as electronic health records…

The NLP community has mainly focused on scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) vertically, i.e., making them better for about 100 languages. We instead scale LLMs horizontally: we create, through continued pretraining, Glot500-m, an LLM that…

The advancements of neural dialogue generation models show promising results on modeling short-text conversations. However, training such models usually needs a large-scale high-quality dialogue corpus, which is hard to access. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Yida Wang , Pei Ke , Yinhe Zheng , Kaili Huang , Yong Jiang , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

The scarcity of large-scale, open-source data for dialects severely hinders progress in speech technology, a challenge particularly acute for the widely spoken Sichuanese dialects of Chinese. To address this critical gap, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yuhang Dai , Ziyu Zhang , Shuai Wang , Longhao Li , Zhao Guo , Tianlun Zuo , Shuiyuan Wang , Hongfei Xue , Chengyou Wang , Qing Wang , Xin Xu , Hui Bu , Jie Li , Jian Kang , Binbin Zhang , Lei Xie

This article presents a comprehensive review of the challenges associated with using massive web-mined corpora for the pre-training of large language models (LLMs). This review identifies key challenges in this domain, including challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Michał Perełkiewicz , Rafał Poświata

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing complex challenges. In this work, we introduce OmniScience, a specialized large reasoning model for general science,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Vignesh Prabhakar , Md Amirul Islam , Adam Atanas , Yao-Ting Wang , Joah Han , Aastha Jhunjhunwala , Rucha Apte , Robert Clark , Kang Xu , Zihan Wang , Kai Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in understanding and interacting with natural language across various sectors. However, their effectiveness is limited in specialized areas requiring high accuracy, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Xianjun Yang , Junfeng Gao , Wenxin Xue , Erik Alexandersson

We are 600 million Spanish speakers. We launched the #Somos600M Project because the diversity of the languages from LATAM, the Caribbean and Spain needs to be represented in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Despite being the 7.5% of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 María Grandury

We present a new challenge to examine whether large language models understand social norms. In contrast to existing datasets, our dataset requires a fundamental understanding of social norms to solve. Our dataset features the largest set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ye Yuan , Kexin Tang , Jianhao Shen , Ming Zhang , Chenguang Wang