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The technological development of increasingly larger quantum processors on different quantum platforms raises the problem of how to fairly compare their performance, known as quantum benchmarking of quantum processors. This is a challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Arturo Acuaviva , David Aguirre , Rubén Peña , Mikel Sanz

Noisy gate-model quantum processing units (QPUs) are currently available from vendors over the cloud, and digital quantum programming approaches exist to run low-depth circuits on physical hardware. These digital representations are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-28 Thien Nguyen , Alexander McCaskey

Architectures for quantum computing can only be scaled up when they are accompanied by suitable benchmarking techniques. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the state and recommendations for systematic benchmarking of quantum…

Quantum information processing holds great promise for pushing beyond the current frontiers in computing. Specifically, quantum computation promises to accelerate the solving of certain problems, and there are many opportunities for…

Quantum processors are now able to run quantum circuits that are infeasible to simulate classically, creating a need for benchmarks that assess a quantum processor's rate of errors when running these circuits. Here, we introduce a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Jordan Hines , Timothy Proctor

Current technological advancements of quantum computers highlight the need for application-driven, practical and well-defined methods of benchmarking their performance. As the existing NISQ device's quality of two-qubit gate errors rate is…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Krzysztof Kurowski , Piotr Rydlichowski , Konrad Wojciechowski , Tomasz Pecyna , Mateusz Slysz

This paper presents the benchmark score definitions of QPack, an application-oriented cross-platform benchmarking suite for quantum computers and simulators, which makes use of scalable Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Huub Donkers , Koen Mesman , Zaid Al-Ars , Matthias Möller

Quantum computers have the potential to provide an advantage over classical computers in a number of areas. Numerous metrics to benchmark the performance of quantum computers, ranging from their individual hardware components to entire…

Quantum computing vendors are beginning to open up application programming interfaces for direct pulse-level quantum control. With this, programmers can begin to describe quantum kernels of execution via sequences of arbitrary pulse shapes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Thien Nguyen , Anthony Santana , Alexander McCaskey

Quantum computing systems need to be benchmarked in terms of practical tasks they would be expected to do. Here, we propose 3 "application-motivated" circuit classes for benchmarking: deep (relevant for state preparation in the variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Daniel Mills , Seyon Sivarajah , Travis L. Scholten , Ross Duncan

We define some of the programming and system-level challenges facing the application of quantum processing to high-performance computing. Alongside barriers to physical integration, prominent differences in the execution of quantum and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Keith A. Britt , Fahd A. Mohiyaddin , Travis S. Humble

Quantum computing (QC) introduces a novel mode of computation with the possibility of greater computational power that remains to be exploited - presenting exciting opportunities for high performance computing (HPC) applications. However,…

While Quantum Machine Learning (QML) holds great potential, its practical realization on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware has been hindered by the limitations of variational quantum circuits (VQCs). Recent evidence suggests…

Quantum computations operate in the quantum world. For their results to be useful in any way, there is an intrinsic necessity of cooperation and communication controlled by the classical world. As a consequence, full formal descriptions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Philippe Jorrand , Marie Lalire

Quantum processing unit (QPU) has to satisfy highly demanding quantity and quality requirements on its qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. Furthermore, classical simulations of quantum circuits generally do not…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

In this work we introduce an open source suite of quantum application-oriented performance benchmarks that is designed to measure the effectiveness of quantum computing hardware at executing quantum applications. These benchmarks probe a…

Benchmarking quantum computers helps to quantify them and bringing the technology to the market. Various application-level metrics exist to benchmark a quantum device at an application level. This paper presents a revised holistic scoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-07 Koen J. Mesman , Ward van der Schoot , Matthias Möller , Niels M. P. Neumann

Current quantum programs are mostly synthesized and compiled on the gate-level, where quantum circuits are composed of quantum gates. The gate-level workflow, however, introduces significant redundancy when quantum gates are eventually…

As quantum computing (QC) continues to evolve in hardware and software, measuring progress in this complex and diverse field remains a challenge. To track progress, uncover bottlenecks, and evaluate community efforts, benchmarks play a…

Contemporary quantum computing platforms remain, in essence, programmable physical systems whose control is typically mediated through unitary gate abstractions. While such abstractions provide a uniform interface, they obscure important…

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