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Reinforcement learning (RL) -- finding the optimal behaviour (also referred to as policy) maximizing the collected long-term cumulative reward -- is among the most influential approaches in machine learning with a large number of successful…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-28 Tao Ma , Xuzhi Yang , Zoltan Szabo

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are designed to optimize problem-solving by learning actions that maximize rewards, a task that becomes particularly challenging in random and nonstationary environments. Even advanced RL algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sebastian Zieglmeier , Niklas Erdmann , Narada D. Warakagoda

In this work, we study model-based reinforcement learning (RL) in unknown stabilizable linear dynamical systems. When learning a dynamical system, one needs to stabilize the unknown dynamics in order to avoid system blow-ups. We propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Sahin Lale , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Babak Hassibi , Anima Anandkumar

Offline reinforcement learning learns an effective policy on offline datasets without online interaction, and it attracts persistent research attention due to its potential of practical application. However, extrapolation error generated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Ke Jiang , Jiayu Yao , Xiaoyang Tan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) struggles in environments with rich and noisy inputs, where the agent only has access to a fixed dataset without environment interactions. Past works have proposed common workarounds based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Hongyu Zang , Xin Li , Jie Yu , Chen Liu , Riashat Islam , Remi Tachet Des Combes , Romain Laroche

The success of Transformers lies in their ability to improve inference through two complementary strategies: the permanent refinement of model parameters via in-weight learning (IWL), and the ephemeral modulation of inferences via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alexander Y. Ku , Thomas L. Griffiths , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

Many real-world offline reinforcement learning (RL) problems involve continuous-time environments with delays. Such environments are characterized by two distinctive features: firstly, the state x(t) is observed at irregular time intervals,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Samuel Holt , Alihan Hüyük , Zhaozhi Qian , Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

This paper presents a Pre-Training Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL) for avoidance navigation without map for mobile robots which map raw sensor data to control variable and navigate in an unknown environment. The efficient offline training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Yang Wenkai Ji Ruihang Zhang Yuxiang Lei Hao , Zhao Zijie

Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) provides a way to learn high-performance policies in environments where the reward signal is hard to specify, avoiding heuristic and time-consuming reward design. However, PbRL can suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chenyang Cao , Miguel Rogel-García , Mohamed Nabail , Xueqian Wang , Nicholas Rhinehart

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a significant challenge of distribution shift. Model-free offline RL penalizes the Q value for out-of-distribution (OOD) data or constrains the policy closed to the behavior policy to tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xiao-Yin Liu , Xiao-Hu Zhou , Guotao Li , Hao Li , Mei-Jiang Gui , Tian-Yu Xiang , De-Xing Huang , Zeng-Guang Hou

The potential of offline reinforcement learning (RL) is that high-capacity models trained on large, heterogeneous datasets can lead to agents that generalize broadly, analogously to similar advances in vision and NLP. However, recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal , Xinyang Geng , George Tucker , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can effectively learn complex policies. However, learning these policies often demands extensive trial-and-error interactions with the environment. In many real-world scenarios, this approach is not practical due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Linh Le Pham Van , Hung The Tran , Sunil Gupta

This paper studies tabular reinforcement learning (RL) in the hybrid setting, which assumes access to both an offline dataset and online interactions with the unknown environment. A central question boils down to how to efficiently utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Gen Li , Wenhao Zhan , Jason D. Lee , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) methods in offline domains without additional online data collection, such as mobile health applications. Most of existing policy optimization algorithms in the computer science literature are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-28 Chengchun Shi , Shikai Luo , Yuan Le , Hongtu Zhu , Rui Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) in robotics faces significant hurdles regarding sample efficiency and generalization across varying goals. While Offline RL mitigates the need for costly online interactions, its integration with goal-conditioned…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Paweł Gajewski , Dominik Żurek , Marcin Pietroń , Kamil Faber

Offline reinforcement learning, by learning from a fixed dataset, makes it possible to learn agent behaviors without interacting with the environment. However, depending on the quality of the offline dataset, such pre-trained agents may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Yi Zhao , Rinu Boney , Alexander Ilin , Juho Kannala , Joni Pajarinen

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is mainly studied in a setting where the training and the testing environments are similar. But in many practical applications, these environments may differ. For instance, in control systems, the robot(s)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jean-Baptiste Gaya , Laure Soulier , Ludovic Denoyer

Reinforcement Learning-based Recommender Systems (RLRS) have shown promise across a spectrum of applications, from e-commerce platforms to streaming services. Yet, they grapple with challenges, notably in crafting reward functions and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Siyu Wang , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is suitable for safety-critical domains where online exploration is too costly or dangerous. In such safety-critical settings, decision-making should take into consideration the risk of catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Marc Rigter , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes