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Nonparametric regression models have recently surged in their power and popularity, accompanying the trend of increasing dataset size and complexity. While these models have proven their predictive ability in empirical settings, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-23 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , Jared S. Murray

Background: During software maintenance and development, the comprehension of program code is key to success. High-quality comments can help us better understand programs, but they're often missing or outmoded in today's programs. Automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yuxiang Zhu , Minxue Pan

Complex machine learning algorithms are used more and more often in critical tasks involving text data, leading to the development of interpretability methods. Among local methods, two families have emerged: those computing importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Damien Garreau

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Tianhang Zhang , Zanwei Shen , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

To facilitate effective translation modeling and translation studies, one of the crucial questions to address is how to assess translation quality. From the perspectives of accuracy, reliability, repeatability and cost, translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Lifeng Han , Gareth J. F. Jones , Alan F. Smeaton

We study unsupervised multi-document summarization evaluation metrics, which require neither human-written reference summaries nor human annotations (e.g. preferences, ratings, etc.). We propose SUPERT, which rates the quality of a summary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Yang Gao , Wei Zhao , Steffen Eger

The increasing adoption of machine learning tools has led to calls for accountability via model interpretability. But what does it mean for a machine learning model to be interpretable by humans, and how can this be assessed? We focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Dylan Slack , Sorelle A. Friedler , Carlos Scheidegger , Chitradeep Dutta Roy

Automatic evaluation of ST systems is typically performed by comparing translation hypotheses with one or more reference translations. While effective to some extent, this approach inherits the limitation of reference-based evaluation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mauro Cettolo , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli

Reference-based metrics such as ROUGE or BERTScore evaluate the content quality of a summary by comparing the summary to a reference. Ideally, this comparison should measure the summary's information quality by calculating how much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Daniel Deutsch , Dan Roth

Decisions by Machine Learning (ML) models have become ubiquitous. Trusting these decisions requires understanding how algorithms take them. Hence interpretability methods for ML are an active focus of research. A central problem in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Philipp Schmidt , Felix Biessmann

We introduce a dataset comprising commercial machine translations, gathered weekly over six years across 12 translation directions. Since human A/B testing is commonly used, we assume commercial systems improve over time, which enables us…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Guojun Wu , Shay B. Cohen , Rico Sennrich

We propose a method to perform automatic document summarisation without using reference summaries. Instead, our method interactively learns from users' preferences. The merit of preference-based interactive summarisation is that preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Iryna Gurevych

Recent neural network approaches to summarization are largely either selection-based extraction or generation-based abstraction. In this work, we present a neural model for single-document summarization based on joint extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jiacheng Xu , Greg Durrett

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in abstractive summarization tasks. However, their ability to precisely control summary attributes (e.g., length or topic) remains underexplored, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sangwon Ryu , Heejin Do , Daehee Kim , Hwanjo Yu , Dongwoo Kim , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee , Jungseul Ok

The development of methods to deal with the informative contents of the text units in the matching process is a major challenge in automatic summary evaluation systems that use fixed n-gram matching. The limitation causes inaccurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Fatma Elghannam , Tarek El-Shishtawy

The rapid growth of text data has motivated the development of machine-learning based automatic text summarization strategies that concisely capture the essential ideas in a larger text. This study aimed to devise an extractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Vivian T. Chou , LeAnna Kent , Joel A. Góngora , Sam Ballerini , Carl D. Hoover

Automatic evaluation metrics are crucial for advancing sign language translation (SLT). Current SLT evaluation metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, are only text-based, and it remains unclear to what extent text-based metrics can reliably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shakib Yazdani , Yasser Hamidullah , Cristina España-Bonet , Eleftherios Avramidis , Josef van Genabith

A law practitioner has to go through numerous lengthy legal case proceedings for their practices of various categories, such as land dispute, corruption, etc. Hence, it is important to summarize these documents, and ensure that summaries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Ankan Mullick , Abhilash Nandy , Manav Nitin Kapadnis , Sohan Patnaik , R Raghav , Roshni Kar

Modern instruction-tuned models have become highly capable in text generation tasks such as summarization, and are expected to be released at a steady pace. In practice one may now wish to choose confidently, but with minimal effort, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Chantal Shaib , Joe Barrow , Alexa F. Siu , Byron C. Wallace , Ani Nenkova

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Prompt Engineering have made chatbot customization more accessible, significantly reducing barriers to tasks that previously required programming skills. However, prompt evaluation,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sam Yu-Te Lee , Aryaman Bahukhandi , Dongyu Liu , Kwan-Liu Ma