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Continuous data assimilation (CDA) is a method that continuously integrates observational data into a dynamical system to improve model accuracy in real-time. The AOT algorithm is one of the most widely used methods in CDA due to its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Ning Ning , Collin Victor

Motivated by the presence of a finite number of determining parameters (degrees of freedom) such as modes, nodes and local spatial averages for dissipative dynamical systems, we present a continuous data assimilation algorithm for the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-08-26 Débora A. F. Albanez , Helena J. Nussenzveig Lopes , Edriss S. Titi

We rigorously prove the well-posedness of the formal sensitivity equations with respect to the Reynolds number corresponding to the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, we do so by showing a sequence of difference quotients…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Adam Larios , Elizabeth Carlson

Data assimilation plays a crucial role in modern weather prediction, providing a systematic way to incorporate observational data into complex dynamical models. The paper addresses continuous data assimilation for a model arising as a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Eduard Feireisl , Piotr Gwiazda , Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda

We study a continuous data assimilation (CDA) algorithm for a velocity-vorticity formulation of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations in two cases: nudging applied to the velocity and vorticity, and nudging applied to the velocity only. We prove…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Matthew Gardner , Adam Larios , Leo G. Rebholz , Duygu Vargun , Camille Zerfas

We consider a continuous data assimilation method for the barotropic Navier--Stokes system. The observed solution is supposed to be bounded on the whole time period of observation, while the synchronized solution, usually provided by a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Eduard Feireisl

In this work, we study the applicability of the Azouani-Olson-Titi (AOT) nudging algorithm for continuous data assimilation to evolutionary dynamical systems that are not dissipative. Specifically, we apply the AOT algorithm to a partially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Edriss S. Titi , Collin Victor

This work investigates the effectiveness of the Back-and-Forth Nudging (BFN) data assimilation algorithm, specifically its performance when employing the Azouani-Olson-Titi (AOT) continuous data assimilation downscaling nudging algorithm,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Aseel Farhat , Edriss S. Titi , Collin Victor

This paper considers a nudging-based scheme for data assimilation for the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) with periodic boundary conditions and studies the synchronization of the signal produced by this algorithm with the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Animikh Biswas , Kenneth R. Brown , Vincent R. Martinez

For the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, with given hypothetical non smooth data at time $T > 0 $that may not correspond to an actual solution at time $T$, a previously developed stabilized backward marching explicit leapfrog…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-25 Alfred S. Carasso

Data assimilation is a technique for increasing the accuracy of simulations of solutions to partial differential equations by incorporating observable data into the solution as time evolves. Recently, a promising new algorithm for data…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Adam Larios , Collin Victor

Continuous data assimilation (CDA) techniques, most notably the nudging approach proposed by Azouani, Olson, and Titi (AOT), have been shown to be very successful in deterministic frameworks for achieving long-time synchronization between…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Kush Kinra

We present a new continuous data assimilation algorithm based on ideas that have been developed for designing finite-dimensional feedback controls for dissipative dynamical systems, in particular, in the context of the incompressible…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-15 Abderrahim Azouani , Eric Olson , Edriss S. Titi

This paper improves the spectrally-filtered direct-insertion downscaling method for discrete-in-time data assimilation by introducing a relaxation parameter that overcomes a constraint on the observation frequency. Numerical simulations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Emine Celik , Eric Olson

Nudging is an important data assimilation technique where partial field measurements are used to control the evolution of a dynamical system and/or to reconstruct the entire phase-space configuration of the supplied flow. Here, we apply it…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-02-12 P. Clark Di Leoni , A. Mazzino , L. Biferale

This article studies the intimate relationship between two filtering algorithms for continuous data assimilation, the synchronization filter and the nudging filter, in the paradigmatic context of the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Elizabeth Carlson , Aseel Farhat , Vincent R. Martinez , Collin Victor

The Gray--Scott model governs the interaction of two chemical species via a system of reaction-diffusion equations. Despite its simple form, it produces extremely rich patterns such as spots, stripes, waves, and labyrinths. That makes it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Tsiry Avisoa Randrianasolo

The error analysis of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) data assimilation (DA) scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations is carried out. A grad-div stabilization term is added to the formulation of the POD method. Error bounds with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Bosco García Archilla , Julia Novo , Samuele Rubino

We consider fully discrete numerical schemes for a downscaling data assimilation algorithm aimed at approximating the velocity field of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations corresponding to given coarse mesh observational measurements. The time…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-07 Hussain A. Ibdah , Cecilia F. Mondaini , Edriss S. Titi

Continuous data assimilation addresses time-dependent problems with unknown initial conditions by incorporating observations of the solution into a nudging term. For the prototypical heat equation with variable conductivity and the Neumann…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Vladimir Yushutin