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The goal of multi-task learning is to learn to conduct multiple tasks simultaneously based on a shared data representation. While this approach can improve learning efficiency, it may also cause performance degradation due to task conflicts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Changwon Kang , Jisong Kim , Hongjae Shin , Junseo Park , Jun Won Choi

Training general agents to follow complex instructions (tasks) in intricate environments (levels) remains a core challenge in reinforcement learning. Random sampling of task-level pairs often produces unsolvable combinations, highlighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Charles Pert , Frederik Kelbel , Alex F. Spies , Alessandra Russo , Michael Dennis

Pommerman is a multi-agent environment that has received considerable attention from researchers in recent years. This environment is an ideal benchmark for multi-agent training, providing a battleground for two teams with communication…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Nhat-Minh Huynh , Hoang-Giang Cao , I-Chen Wu

In the rapidly advancing field of multi-agent systems, ensuring robustness in unfamiliar and adversarial settings is crucial. Notwithstanding their outstanding performance in familiar environments, these systems often falter in new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Mikayel Samvelyan , Davide Paglieri , Minqi Jiang , Jack Parker-Holder , Tim Rocktäschel

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning framework that enables controllable and diverse player behaviors without relying on human gameplay data. Existing approaches often require large-scale player trajectories, train separate models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Atahan Cilan , Atay Özgövde

Several recent works have been dedicated to unsupervised reinforcement learning in a single environment, in which a policy is first pre-trained with unsupervised interactions, and then fine-tuned towards the optimal policy for several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Mirco Mutti , Mattia Mancassola , Marcello Restelli

Generalizing deep reinforcement learning agents to unseen environments remains a significant challenge. One promising solution is Unsupervised Environment Design (UED), a co-evolutionary framework in which a teacher adaptively generates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Geonwoo Cho , Jaegyun Im , Jihwan Lee , Hojun Yi , Sejin Kim , Sundong Kim

A central challenge in building continually improving agents is that training environments are typically static or manually constructed. This restricts continual learning and generalization beyond the training distribution. We address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Alkis Sygkounas , Rishi Hazra , Andreas Persson , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Amy Loutfi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often struggle to find strategies close to Pareto optimal Nash Equilibrium, owing largely to the lack of efficient exploration. The problem is exacerbated in sparse-reward settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhicheng Zhang , Yancheng Liang , Yi Wu , Fei Fang

Zero-shot human-AI coordination is the training of an ego-agent to coordinate with humans without human data. Most studies on zero-shot human-AI coordination have focused on enhancing the ego-agent's coordination ability in a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Won-Sang You , Tae-Gwan Ha , Seo-Young Lee , Kyung-Joong Kim

We present MAESTRO, an evaluation suite for the testing, reliability, and observability of LLM-based MAS. MAESTRO standardizes MAS configuration and execution through a unified interface, supports integrating both native and third-party MAS…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tie Ma , Yixi Chen , Vaastav Anand , Alessandro Cornacchia , Amândio R. Faustino , Guanheng Liu , Shan Zhang , Hongbin Luo , Suhaib A. Fahmy , Zafar A. Qazi , Marco Canini

Group-Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as an efficient paradigm for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its efficacy is primarily confined to domains with verifiable ground truths. Extending GRPO to open-domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yang Zhao , Hepeng Wang , Xiao Ding , Yangou Ouyang , Bibo Cai , Kai Xiong , Jinglong Gao , Zhouhao Sun , Li Du , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Automatic multi-agent systems aim to instantiate agent workflows without relying on manually designed or fixed orchestration. However, existing automatic MAS approaches remain only partially adaptive: they either perform training-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yaolun Zhang , Yujie Zhao , Nan Wang , Yiran Wu , Jiayu Chang , Yizhao Chen , Qingyun Wu , Jishen Zhao , Huazheng Wang

A fundamental challenge in multiagent reinforcement learning is to learn beneficial behaviors in a shared environment with other simultaneously learning agents. In particular, each agent perceives the environment as effectively…

Learning by experience in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a difficult and exciting task, due to the lack of stationarity of the environment, whose dynamics evolves as the population learns. In order to design scalable algorithms for systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Romuald Elie , Julien Pérolat , Mathieu Laurière , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin

This paper presents an algorithmic framework for learning robust policies in asymmetric imperfect-information games, where the joint reward could depend on the uncertain opponent type (a private information known only to the opponent itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Macheng Shen , Jonathan P. How

Using a model of the environment, reinforcement learning agents can plan their future moves and achieve superhuman performance in board games like Chess, Shogi, and Go, while remaining relatively sample-efficient. As demonstrated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Julien Scholz , Cornelius Weber , Muhammad Burhan Hafez , Stefan Wermter

We propose Unified Distributed Environment (UDE), an environment virtualization toolkit for reinforcement learning research. UDE is designed to integrate environments built on any simulation platform such as Gazebo, Unity, Unreal, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Woong Gyu La , Sunil Muralidhara , Lingjie Kong , Pratik Nichat

Recent works have proven that intricate cooperative behaviors can emerge in agents trained using meta reinforcement learning on open ended task distributions using self-play. While the results are impressive, we argue that self-play and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Richard Bornemann , Gautier Hamon , Eleni Nisioti , Clément Moulin-Frier

Many challenges remain before AI agents can be deployed in real-world environments. However, one virtue of such environments is that they are inherently multi-agent and contain human experts. Using advanced social intelligence in such an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Eric Ye , Ren Tao , Natasha Jaques