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This paper addresses the problem of adaptive codebook (CB) selection for downlink (DL) precoder quantization in channel state information (CSI) reporting. The accuracy of precoder quantization depends on propagation conditions, requiring…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Denis Esiunin , Alexei Davydov

In this paper, we study efficient codebook design for limited feedback in extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. It is worth noting that existing codebook designs for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Liujia Yao , Changsheng You , Zixuan Huang , Chao Zhou , Zhaohui Yang , Xiaoyang Li

This paper bridges this critical gap by providing a systematic examination of the beamforming codebook technology, i.e., precoding matrix indicator (PMI), in the 5G NR from theoretical, standardization, and implementation perspectives. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Boyu Ning , Haifan Yin , Sixu Liu , Hao Deng , Songjie Yang , Yuchen Zhang , Weidong Mei , David Gesbert , Jaebum Park , Robert W. Heath , Emil Björnson

Massive multiple-input multiple-output can obtain more performance gain by exploiting the downlink channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS). Therefore, studying CSI feedback with limited communication resources in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Muhan Chen , Jiajia Guo , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin , Geoffrey Ye Li , Ang Yang

Initial access (IA) is the process by which user equipment (UE) establishes its first connection with a base station. In 5G systems, particularly at millimeter-wave frequencies, IA integrates beam management to support highly directional…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Sabrine Aroua , Christos Anastasios Bovolis , Bo Göransson , Anastasios Giovanidis , Mathieu Leconte , Apostolos Destounis

In millimeter-wave communication, large antenna arrays are required to achieve high power gain by steering towards each other with narrow beams, which poses the problem to efficiently search the best beam direction in the angle domain at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Zhenyu Xiao , Tong He , Pengfei Xia , Xiang-Gen Xia

The acquisition of channel state information (CSI) in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) massive MIMO has been a formidable challenge. In this paper, we address this problem with a novel CSI feedback framework enabled by the partial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Haifan Yin , David Gesbert

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) massive MIMO systems often rely on predefined beamforming codebooks, which are usually suboptimal in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions and for hardware-limited transceivers. Reinforcement…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Anouar Nechi , Rainer Buchty , Mladen Berekovic , Saleh Mulhem

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) and ultra-high frequencies are two key technologies for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering higher system capacity and expanded bandwidth resources. To effectively combine these technologies, it…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Mianyi Zhang , Yunlong Cai , Jiaqi Xu , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Millimeter-wave communications rely on narrow-beam transmissions to cope with the strong signal attenuation at these frequencies, thus demanding precise alignment between transmitter and receiver. However, the beam-alignment procedure may…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Muddassar Hussain , Nicolo Michelusi

In network MIMO systems, channel state information is required at the transmitter side to multiplex users in the spatial domain. Since perfect channel knowledge is difficult to obtain in practice, \emph{limited feedback} is a widely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-07 Yong Cheng , Vincent K. N. Lau , Yi Long

In this paper, we study the codebook-based near-field beam training for intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) aided wireless system. In the considered model, the near-field beam training is critical to focus signals at the location of user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Tao Wang , Jie Lv , Haonan Tong , Changsheng You , Changchuan Yin

In this paper, multiuser beam training based on hierarchical codebook for millimeter wave massive multi-input multi-output is investigated, where the base station (BS) simultaneously performs beam training with multiple user equipments…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Chenhao Qi , Kangjian Chen , Octavia A. Dobre , Geoffrey Ye Li

In 3GPP new radio system, two types of codebook, namely Type-1 and Type-2 codebook, have been standardized for the channel state information (CSI) feedback in the support of advanced MIMO operation. Both types of codebook are constructed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Honglei Miao , Markus D. Mueck , Michael Faerber

A codebook based limited feedback strategy is a practical way to obtain partial channel state information at the transmitter in a precoded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system. Conventional codebook designs use Grassmannian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-03-07 Takao Inoue , Robert W. Heath

Next generation wireless communications rely on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques to achieve high data rates. Feedback of channel information can be used in MIMO precoding to fully activate the strongest channel modes and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-19 C. Jiang , M. Wang , C. Yang

Beamforming technique realized by the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays has been widely used to compensate for the severe path loss in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. In 5G NR system, the beam sweeping and beam…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Yongjun Ahn , Jinhong Kim , Seungnyun Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Jiyoung Kim , Sangtae Kim , Byonghyo Shim

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems play a crucial role in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications, primarily achieved through the utilization of precoding matrix techniques. This paper presents precoding techniques employing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Francisco Díaz-Ruiz , Francisco J. Martín-Vega , Gerardo Gómez , Mari Carmen Aguayo-Torres

Beamforming technology is widely used in millimeter wave systems to combat path losses, and beamformers are usually selected from a predefined codebook. Unfortunately, the traditional codebook design neglects the beam squint effect, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Hongkang Yu , Pengxin Guan , Yiru Wang , Yuping Zhao

Beam alignment - the process of finding an optimal directional beam pair - is a challenging procedure crucial to millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems. We propose a novel beam alignment method that learns a site-specific probing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-29 Yuqiang Heng , Jianhua Mo , Jeffrey G. Andrews