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DL frameworks are the basis of constructing all DL programs and models, and thus their bugs could lead to the unexpected behaviors of any DL program or model relying on them. Such a wide effect demonstrates the necessity and importance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Junjie Chen , Yihua Liang , Qingchao Shen , Jiajun Jiang , Shuochuan Li

Deep learning has gained substantial popularity in recent years. Developers mainly rely on libraries and tools to add deep learning capabilities to their software. What kinds of bugs are frequently found in such software? What are the root…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Md Johirul Islam , Giang Nguyen , Rangeet Pan , Hridesh Rajan

Large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress across a wide range of real-world applications. Realizing such models requires substantial system-level support. Deep learning (DL) frameworks provide this foundation by enabling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yanzhou Mu , Rong Wang , Juan Zhai , Chunrong Fang , Xiang Chen , Jiacong Wu , An Guo , Jiawei Shen , Bingzhuo Li , Zhenyu Chen

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), distributed training and inference frameworks like DeepSpeed have become essential for scaling model training and inference across multiple GPUs or nodes. However, the increasing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xiao Yu , Haoxuan Chen , Feifei Niu , Xing Hu , Jacky Wai Keung , Xin Xia

Background: In modern software systems, more and more systems are written in multiple programming languages (PLs). There is no comprehensive investigation on the phenomenon of multi-programming-language (MPL) bugs, which resolution involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Zengyang Li , Wenshuo Wang , Sicheng Wang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo

Software systems are increasingly relying on deep learning components, due to their remarkable capability of identifying complex data patterns and powering intelligent behaviour. A core enabler of this change in software development is the…

In today's data-driven era, deep learning is vital for processing massive datasets, yet single-device training is constrained by computational and memory limits. Distributed deep learning overcomes these challenges by leveraging multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiaoxue Ma , Wanwei Zhan , Jiale Chen , Yishu Li , Jacky Keung , Federica Sarro

Differential testing offers a promising strategy to alleviate the test oracle problem by comparing the test results between alternative implementations. However, existing differential testing techniques for deep learning (DL) libraries are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Meiziniu Li , Dongze Li , Jianmeng Liu , Jialun Cao , Yongqiang Tian , Shing-Chi Cheung

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks are now widely used, simplifying the creation of complex models as well as their integration to various applications even to non DL experts. However, like any other programs, they are prone to bugs. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Florian Tambon , Amin Nikanjam , Le An , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Deep learning (DL) frameworks serve as the backbone for a wide range of artificial intelligence applications. However, bugs within DL frameworks can cascade into critical issues in higher-level applications, jeopardizing reliability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shiwen Ou , Yuwei Li , Lu Yu , Chengkun Wei , Tingke Wen , Qiangpu Chen , Yu Chen , Haizhi Tang , Zulie Pan

Deep learning (DL) libraries, widely used in AI applications, often contain vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and use-after-free errors. Traditional fuzzing struggles with the complexity and API diversity of DL libraries such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Kunpeng Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jitao Han , Xiaogang Zhu , Xian Li , Shaohua Wang , Sheng Wen

Deep learning (DL) has been widely applied to many domains. Unique challenges in engineering DL systems are posed by the programming paradigm shift from traditional systems to DL systems, and performance is one of the challenges.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Junming Cao , Bihuan Chen , Chao Sun , Longjie Hu , Shuaihong Wu , Xin Peng

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks have served as fundamental components in DL systems over the last decade. However, bugs in DL frameworks could lead to catastrophic consequences in critical scenarios. A simple yet effective way to find bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shaoyu Yang , Chunrong Fang , Haifeng Lin , Xiang Chen , Jia Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Rapid growth of applying Machine Learning (ML) in different domains, especially in safety-critical areas, increases the need for reliable ML components, i.e., a software component operating based on ML. Understanding the bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Mohammad Mehdi Morovati , Amin Nikanjam , Florian Tambon , Foutse Khomh , Zhen Ming , Jiang

The growing application of deep neural networks in safety-critical domains makes the analysis of faults that occur in such systems of enormous importance. In this paper we introduce a large taxonomy of faults in deep learning (DL) systems.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Nargiz Humbatova , Gunel Jahangirova , Gabriele Bavota , Vincenzo Riccio , Andrea Stocco , Paolo Tonella

The automated program repair field has attracted substantial interest over the years, but despite significant research efforts, creating a system that works well for complex semantic bugs such as security vulnerabilities has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Berkay Berabi , Alexey Gronskiy , Veselin Raychev , Gishor Sivanrupan , Victor Chibotaru , Martin Vechev

In NLP, reusing pre-trained models instead of training from scratch has gained popularity; however, NLP models are mostly black boxes, very large, and often require significant resources. To ease, models trained with large corpora are made…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Rangeet Pan , Sumon Biswas , Mohna Chakraborty , Breno Dantas Cruz , Hridesh Rajan

Deep Learning (DL) libraries like TensorFlow and Pytorch simplify machine learning (ML) model development but are prone to bugs due to their complex design. Bug-finding techniques exist, but without precise API specifications, they produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Facundo Molina , M M Abid Naziri , Feiran Qin , Alessandra Gorla , Marcelo d'Amorim

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks play a critical role in advancing artificial intelligence, and their rapid growth underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of software quality and maintainability. DL frameworks, like other…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maram Assi , Safwat Hassan , Ying Zou

The tremendous success of Deep Learning (DL) has significantly boosted the number of open-sourced DL frameworks hosted on GitHub. Among others, performance and accuracy bugs are critical factors that affect the reputation of these DL…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Guoming Long , Tao Chen
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