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Offline reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the problem of learning policies entirely from a large batch of previously collected data. This problem setting offers the promise of utilizing such datasets to acquire policies without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Tianhe Yu , Garrett Thomas , Lantao Yu , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Tengyu Ma

Imitation learning often assumes that demonstrations are close to optimal according to some fixed, but unknown, cost function. However, according to satisficing theory, humans often choose acceptable behavior based on their personal (and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rushit N. Shah , Nikolaos Agadakos , Synthia Sasulski , Ali Farajzadeh , Sanjiban Choudhury , Brian Ziebart

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle with inefficient exploration, particularly in environments with sparse rewards. Traditional exploration strategies can lead to slow learning and suboptimal performance because agents fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Gaurav Chaudhary , Laxmidhar Behera , Washim Uddin Mondal

Offline imitation learning enables learning a policy solely from a set of expert demonstrations, without any environment interaction. To alleviate the issue of distribution shift arising due to the small amount of expert data, recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Udita Ghosh , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Jiachen Li , Konstantinos Karydis , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

We study the problem of offline learning in automated decision systems under the contextual bandits model. We are given logged historical data consisting of contexts, (randomized) actions, and (nonnegative) rewards. A common goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Yifei Ma , Yu-Xiang Wang , Balakrishnan , Narayanaswamy

When applying imitation learning techniques to fit a policy from expert demonstrations, one can take advantage of prior stability/robustness assumptions on the expert's policy and incorporate such control-theoretic prior knowledge…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Aaron Havens , Bin Hu

Online imitation learning is the problem of how best to mimic expert demonstrations, given access to the environment or an accurate simulator. Prior work has shown that in the infinite sample regime, exact moment matching achieves value…

For imitation learning algorithms to scale to real-world challenges, they must handle high-dimensional observations, offline learning, and policy-induced covariate-shift. We propose DITTO, an offline imitation learning algorithm which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Branton DeMoss , Paul Duckworth , Jakob Foerster , Nick Hawes , Ingmar Posner

While combining imitation learning (IL) and reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising way to address poor sample efficiency in autonomous behavior acquisition, methods that do so typically assume that the requisite behavior demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Caroline Wang , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Imitation learning (IL) is a framework that learns to imitate expert behavior from demonstrations. Recently, IL shows promising results on high dimensional and control tasks. However, IL typically suffers from sample inefficiency in terms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Lihua Zhang

Imitation learning (IL) enables autonomous behavior by learning from expert demonstrations. While more sample-efficient than comparative alternatives like reinforcement learning, IL is sensitive to compounding errors induced by distribution…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Aditya Gahlawat , Ahmed Aboudonia , Sandeep Banik , Naira Hovakimyan , Nikolai Matni , Aaron D. Ames , Gioele Zardini , Alberto Speranzon

Offline Imitation Learning (IL) methods such as Behavior Cloning are effective at acquiring complex robotic manipulation skills. However, existing IL-trained policies are confined to executing the task at the same speed as shown in…

In this study, we investigate the DIstribution Correction Estimation (DICE) methods, an important line of work in offline reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL). DICE-based methods impose state-action-level behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Liyuan Mao , Haoran Xu , Weinan Zhang , Xianyuan Zhan

This work addresses the problem of offline safe imitation learning (IL), where the goal is to learn safe and reward-maximizing policies from demonstrations that do not have per-timestep safety cost or reward information. In many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Returaj Burnwal , Nirav Pravinbhai Bhatt , Balaraman Ravindran

Most existing imitation learning approaches assume the demonstrations are drawn from experts who are optimal, but relaxing this assumption enables us to use a wider range of data. Standard imitation learning may learn a suboptimal policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Songyuan Zhang , Zhangjie Cao , Dorsa Sadigh , Yanan Sui

Among the reasons hindering reinforcement learning (RL) applications to real-world problems, two factors are critical: limited data and the mismatch between the testing environment (real environment in which the policy is deployed) and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiaoteng Ma , Zhipeng Liang , Jose Blanchet , Mingwen Liu , Li Xia , Jiheng Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao , Zhengyuan Zhou

The objective of offline RL is to learn optimal policies when a fixed exploratory demonstrations data-set is available and sampling additional observations is impossible (typically if this operation is either costly or rises ethical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Firas Jarboui , Vianney Perchet

Imitation Learning (IL) is an effective learning paradigm exploiting the interactions between agents and environments. It does not require explicit reward signals and instead tries to recover desired policies using expert demonstrations. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yang Liu , Yongzhe Chang , Shilei Jiang , Xueqian Wang , Bin Liang , Bo Yuan

Recent Offline Reinforcement Learning methods have succeeded in learning high-performance policies from fixed datasets of experience. A particularly effective approach learns to first identify and then mimic optimal decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jake Grigsby , Yanjun Qi

With the ability to learn from static datasets, Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) emerges as a compelling avenue for real-world applications. However, state-of-the-art offline RL algorithms perform sub-optimally when confronted with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Briti Gangopadhyay , Zhao Wang , Jia-Fong Yeh , Shingo Takamatsu
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