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We study offline imitation learning (IL) in cooperative multi-agent settings, where demonstrations have unlabeled mixed quality - containing both expert and suboptimal trajectories. Our proposed solution is structured in two stages:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Hong Thanh Nguyen

Learning complex policies with Reinforcement Learning (RL) is often hindered by instability and slow convergence, a problem exacerbated by the difficulty of reward engineering. Imitation Learning (IL) from expert demonstrations bypasses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sayambhu Sen , Shalabh Bhatnagar

This paper studies offline Imitation Learning (IL) where an agent learns to imitate an expert demonstrator without additional online environment interactions. Instead, the learner is presented with a static offline dataset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Jonathan D. Chang , Masatoshi Uehara , Dhruv Sreenivas , Rahul Kidambi , Wen Sun

In offline imitation learning (IL), an agent aims to learn an optimal expert behavior policy without additional online environment interactions. However, in many real-world scenarios, such as robotics manipulation, the offline dataset is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Bowei He , Zexu Sun , Jinxin Liu , Shuai Zhang , Xu Chen , Chen Ma

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an emerging field of RL in which policies are learned solely from demonstrations. Within offline RL, some environments involve balancing multiple objectives, but existing multi-objective offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Peter Adema , Karim Galliamov , Aleksey Evstratovskiy , Ross Geurts

We study learning optimal policies from a logged dataset, i.e., offline RL, with function approximation. Despite the efforts devoted, existing algorithms with theoretic finite-sample guarantees typically assume exploratory data coverage or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Chenjie Mao

Imitation learning (IL) is a frequently used approach for data-efficient policy learning. Many IL methods, such as Dataset Aggregation (DAgger), combat challenges like distributional shift by interacting with oracular experts.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Mandy Xie , Anqi Li , Karl Van Wyk , Frank Dellaert , Byron Boots , Nathan Ratliff

This work studies a Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem in which we are given a set of trajectories collected with K baseline policies. Each of these policies can be quite suboptimal in isolation, and have strong performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Teodor V. Marinov , Alekh Agarwal , Mircea Trofin

Imitation learning is a central problem in reinforcement learning where the goal is to learn a policy that mimics the expert's behavior. In practice, it is often challenging to learn the expert policy from a limited number of demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Heyang Zhao , Xingrui Yu , David M. Bossens , Ivor W. Tsang , Quanquan Gu

Imitation Learning (IL) techniques aim to replicate human behaviors in specific tasks. While IL has gained prominence due to its effectiveness and efficiency, traditional methods often focus on datasets collected from experts to produce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Mathieu Petitbois , Rémy Portelas , Sylvain Lamprier , Ludovic Denoyer

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) addresses the problem of sequential decision-making by learning optimal policy through pre-collected data, without interacting with the environment. As yet, it has remained somewhat impractical, because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Maksim Bobrin , Nazar Buzun , Dmitrii Krylov , Dmitry V. Dylov

Imitation learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training policies in robotic systems when specifying the reward function is difficult. However, despite the success of IL algorithms, they impose the somewhat unrealistic requirement that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Luca Viano , Yu-Ting Huang , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Adrian Weller

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising direction for learning policies from pre-collected datasets without requiring further interactions with the environment. However, existing methods struggle to handle out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhepeng Cen , Zuxin Liu , Zitong Wang , Yihang Yao , Henry Lam , Ding Zhao

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated its superiority on many complex sequential decision-making problems. However, heavy dependence on dense rewards and high sample-complexity impedes the wide adoption of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Zhuangdi Zhu , Kaixiang Lin , Bo Dai , Jiayu Zhou

Offline imitation from observations aims to solve MDPs where only task-specific expert states and task-agnostic non-expert state-action pairs are available. Offline imitation is useful in real-world scenarios where arbitrary interactions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Kai Yan , Alexander G. Schwing , Yu-Xiong Wang

Imitation learning has proven effective for training robots to perform complex tasks from expert human demonstrations. However, it remains limited by its reliance on high-quality, task-specific data, restricting adaptability to the diverse…

In offline imitation learning (IL), we generally assume only a handful of expert trajectories and a supplementary offline dataset from suboptimal behaviors to learn the expert policy. While it is now common to minimize the divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Hee-Jun Ahn , Seong-Woong Shim , Byung-Jun Lee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods can generally be categorized into two types: RL-based and Imitation-based. RL-based methods could in principle enjoy out-of-distribution generalization but suffer from erroneous off-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Haoran Xu , Li Jiang , Jianxiong Li , Xianyuan Zhan

One of the key challenges of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the ability of agents to generalise their learned policy to unseen settings. Moreover, training RL agents requires large numbers of interactions with the environment. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Alain Andres , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht , Javier Del Ser

Imitation learning (IL) aims to mimic the behavior of an expert policy in a sequential decision-making problem given only demonstrations. In this paper, we focus on understanding the minimax statistical limits of IL in episodic Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Nived Rajaraman , Lin F. Yang , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramachandran