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Causal DAGs(Directed Acyclic Graphs) are usually considered in a 2D plane. Edges indicate causal effects' directions and imply their corresponding time-passings. Due to the natural restriction of statistical models, effect estimation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jia Li , Xiang Li , Xiaowei Jia , Michael Steinbach , Vipin Kumar

Deep learning implemented via neural networks, has revolutionized machine learning by providing methods for complex tasks such as object detection/classification and prediction. However, architectures based on deep neural networks have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Nanjangud C. Narendra , Nithin Nagaraj

Causal learning has garnered significant attention in recent years because it reveals the essential relationships that underpin phenomena and delineates the mechanisms by which the world evolves. Nevertheless, traditional causal learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Zizhen Deng , Xiaolong Zheng , Hu Tian , Daniel Dajun Zeng

In recent years, neural architecture search (NAS) has received intensive scientific and industrial interest due to its capability of finding a neural architecture with high accuracy for various artificial intelligence tasks such as image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Martin Ferianc , Hongxiang Fan , Miguel Rodrigues

Causal decomposition analysis (CDA) is an approach for modeling the impact of hypothetical interventions to reduce disparities. It is useful for identifying foci that future interventions, including multilevel and multimodal interventions,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 John W. Jackson , Ting-Hsuan Chang , Aster Meche , Trang Q. Nguyen

Deep neural networks are complex and opaque. As they enter application in a variety of important and safety critical domains, users seek methods to explain their output predictions. We develop an approach to explaining deep neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Michael Harradon , Jeff Druce , Brian Ruttenberg

There are many research works on the designing of architectures for the deep neural networks (DNN), which are named neural architecture search (NAS) methods. Although there are many automatic and manual techniques for NAS problems, there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Emad Malekhosseini , Mohsen Hajabdollahi , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Causal discovery aims to learn causal relationships between variables from targeted data, making it a fundamental task in machine learning. However, causal discovery algorithms often rely on unverifiable causal assumptions, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Huiyang Yi , Yanyan He , Duxin Chen , Mingyu Kang , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

Massive data collection holds the promise of a better understanding of complex phenomena and, ultimately, better decisions. Representation learning has become a key driver of deep learning applications, as it allows learning latent spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Caroline Uhler , Jiaqi Zhang

Recently, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has successfully identified neural network architectures that exceed human designed ones on large-scale image classification. In this paper, we study NAS for semantic image segmentation. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Chenxi Liu , Liang-Chieh Chen , Florian Schroff , Hartwig Adam , Wei Hua , Alan Yuille , Li Fei-Fei

Neural architecture search (NAS) aims to discover network architectures with desired properties such as high accuracy or low latency. Recently, differentiable NAS (DNAS) has demonstrated promising results while maintaining a search cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Arash Vahdat , Arun Mallya , Ming-Yu Liu , Jan Kautz

Optimal control of complex environments with robotic systems faces two complementary and intertwined challenges: efficient organization of sensory state information and far-sighted action planning. Because the reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Abdullah Akgül , Gulcin Baykal , Manuel Haußmann , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Melih Kandemir

The adversarial vulnerability of deep neural networks has attracted significant attention in machine learning. As causal reasoning has an instinct for modelling distribution change, it is essential to incorporate causality into analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Yonggang Zhang , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Xinmei Tian , Bo Han , Bernhard Schölkopf , Kun Zhang

We develop estimation for potentially high-dimensional additive structural equation models. A key component of our approach is to decouple order search among the variables from feature or edge selection in a directed acyclic graph encoding…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-02 Peter Bühlmann , Jonas Peters , Jan Ernest

Graph NAS has emerged as a promising approach for autonomously designing GNN architectures by leveraging the correlations between graphs and architectures. Existing methods fail to generalize under distribution shifts that are ubiquitous in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Peiwen Li , Xin Wang , Zeyang Zhang , Yijian Qin , Ziwei Zhang , Jialong Wang , Yang Li , Wenwu Zhu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be highly effective in a variety of tasks, making them the go-to method for problems requiring high-level predictive power. Despite this success, the inner workings of DNNs are often not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-04 Anton Thielmann , René-Marcel Kruse , Thomas Kneib , Benjamin Säfken

Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Comprehending natural language and following human instructions are critical capabilities for intelligent agents. However, the flexibility of linguistic instructions induces substantial ambiguity across language-conditioned tasks, severely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Runpeng Xie , Quanwei Wang , Hao Hu , Zherui Zhou , Ni Mu , Xiyun Li , Yiqin Yang , Shuang Xu , Qianchuan Zhao , Bo XU

Causal reasoning can be considered a cornerstone of intelligent systems. Having access to an underlying causal graph comes with the promise of cause-effect estimation and the identification of efficient and safe interventions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Amir Mohammad Karimi Mamaghan , Andrea Dittadi , Stefan Bauer , Karl Henrik Johansson , Francesco Quinzan

Neural abstractions have been recently introduced as formal approximations of complex, nonlinear dynamical models. They comprise a neural ODE and a certified upper bound on the error between the abstract neural network and the concrete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Alec Edwards , Mirco Giacobbe , Alessandro Abate