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The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding of a qubit within an oscillator is particularly appealing for fault-tolerant quantum computing with bosons because Gaussian operations on encoded Pauli eigenstates enable Clifford quantum…

A quantum computer with low-error, high-speed quantum operations and capability for interconnections is required for useful quantum computations. A logical qubit called Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit in a single Bosonic harmonic…

We review some of the recent efforts in devising and engineering bosonic qubits for superconducting devices, with emphasis on the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit. We present some new results on decoding repeated GKP error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Barbara M. Terhal , Jonathan Conrad , Christophe Vuillot

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation with continuous variables, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit has been recognized as an important technological element. However,it is still challenging to experimentally generate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Kosuke Fukui , Akihisa Tomita , Atsushi Okamoto , Keisuke Fujii

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is an exciting route to fault-tolerant quantum computing since Gaussian resources and GKP Pauli-eigenstate preparation are sufficient to achieve universal quantum computing. In this work, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

Physical Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are inherently noisy as ideal ones would require infinite energy. While this is typically considered as a deficiency to be actively corrected, this work demonstrates that imperfect GKP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Fariba Hosseinynejad , Pavithran Iyer , Guillaume Dauphinais , David L. Feder

A promising route towards fault-tolerant quantum error correction is the concatenation of a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code with a qubit code. Development of such concatenated codes requires simulation tools which realistically model…

We examine the performance of the single-mode GKP code and its concatenation with the toric code for a noise model of Gaussian shifts, or displacement errors. We show how one can optimize the tracking of errors in repeated noisy error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Christophe Vuillot , Hamed Asasi , Yang Wang , Leonid P. Pryadko , Barbara M. Terhal

There are various approaches to long-range quantum communication based on conceptually different forms of quantum repeaters. Here we explore a quantum repeater scheme that employs quantum error correction (QEC) both on the flying (light)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Stefan Häussler , Peter van Loock

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum…

We demonstrate how recent protocols developed for the stabilization of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states can be used for the estimation of two-quadrature displacement sensing, with sensitivities approaching the multivariate quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Lautaro Labarca , Sara Turcotte , Alexandre Blais , Baptiste Royer

The GKP encoding is a top contender among bosonic codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Analysis of the GKP code is complicated by the fact that finite-energy code states leak out of the ideal GKP code space and are not orthogonal.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Jonathan Conrad , Rafael N. Alexander , Ben Q. Baragiola

Straightforward logical operations contrasting with complex state preparation are the hallmarks of the bosonic encoding proposed by Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill (GKP). The recently reported generation and error-correction of GKP qubits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Christian Siegele , Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq

Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill have proposed a scheme to encode a qubit in a harmonic oscillator, which is called the GKP code. It is designed to be resistant to small shift errors contained in momentum and position quadratures. Thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-02 Yang Wang

Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits, known for their exceptional error-correction capabilities, are highly coveted in quantum computing. However, generating optical GKP qubits has been a significant challenge. Measurement-based methods,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Andrew J. Pizzimenti , Daniel Soh

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) with continuous variables, continuous variables need to be digitized using an appropriate code such as the Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill (GKP) qubit. The scheme introduced in [K. Fukui…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Kosuke Fukui

We initiate the study of state complexity for continuous-variable quantum systems. Concretely, we consider a setup with bosonic modes and auxiliary qubits, where available operations include Gaussian one- and two-mode operations, single-…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Lukas Brenner , Libor Caha , Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Robert Koenig

With the significance of continuous-variable quantum computing increasing thanks to the achievements of light-based quantum hardware, making it available to learner audiences outside physics has been an important yet seldom-tackled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Richard A. Wolf , Pavithran Iyer

Classically simulating circuits with bosonic codes is challenging due to the prohibitive cost of simulating quantum systems with many, possibly infinite, energy levels. We propose an algorithm to simulate circuits with encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Cameron Calcluth , Oliver Hahn , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini

Continuous-variable (CV) systems have shown remarkable potential for quantum computation, particularly excelling in scalability and error correction through bosonic encoding. Within this framework, the foundational notion of computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Sheron Blair , Francesco Arzani , Giulia Ferrini , Alessandro Ferraro