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Electroencephalogram (EEG) data is crucial for diagnosing mental health conditions but is costly and time-consuming to collect at scale. Synthetic data generation offers a promising solution to augment datasets for machine learning…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Gideon Vos , Maryam Ebrahimpour , Liza van Eijk , Zoltan Sarnyai , Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi

Electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets tend to be highly imbalanced due to the scarcity of abnormal cases. Additionally, the use of real patients' ECGs is highly regulated due to privacy issues. Therefore, there is always a need for more ECG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Edmond Adib , Fatemeh Afghah , John J. Prevost

Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a significant role in the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) domain, due to its non-invasive nature, low cost, and ease of use, making it a highly desirable option for widespread adoption by the general…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Giulio Tosato , Cesare M. Dalbagno , Francesco Fumagalli

Reliable seizure detection from electroencephalography (EEG) time series is a high-priority clinical goal, yet the acquisition cost and scarcity of labeled EEG data limit the performance of machine learning methods. This challenge is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-30 Nina Moutonnet , Joshua Corneck , Felipe Tobar , Danilo Mandic

By generating synthetic biosignals, the quantity and variety of health data can be increased. This is especially useful when training machine learning models by enabling data augmentation and introduction of more physiologically plausible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Katri Karhinoja , Antti Vasankari , Jukka-Pekka Sirkiä , Antti Airola , David Wong , Matti Kaisti

The limited data availability due to strict privacy regulations and significant resource demands severely constrains biomedical time-series AI development, which creates a critical gap between data requirements and accessibility. Synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youngjoon Lee , Seongmin Cho , Yehhyun Jo , Jinu Gong , Hyunjoo Jenny Lee , Joonhyuk Kang

The generation of high-quality medical time series data is essential for advancing healthcare diagnostics and safeguarding patient privacy. Specifically, synthesizing realistic phonocardiogram (PCG) signals offers significant potential as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ainaz Jamshidi , Muhammad Arif , Sabir Ali Kalhoro , Alexander Gelbukh

High-quality synthetic data can support the development of effective predictive models for biomedical tasks, especially in rare diseases or when subject to compelling privacy constraints. These limitations, for instance, negatively impact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Lorenzo Simone , Davide Bacciu

Deep learning models need a sufficient amount of data in order to be able to find the hidden patterns in it. It is the purpose of generative modeling to learn the data distribution, thus allowing us to sample more data and augment the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 José Fernando Núñez , Jamie Arjona , Javier Béjar

Analyzing electroencephalographic (EEG) time series can be challenging, especially with deep neural networks, due to the large variability among human subjects and often small datasets. To address these challenges, various strategies, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Niklas Grieger , Siamak Mehrkanoon , Stephan Bialonski

Despite significant recent progress in the area of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), there are numerous shortcomings associated with collecting Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in real-world environments. These include, but are not…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-10-14 Nik Khadijah Nik Aznan , Amir Atapour-Abarghouei , Stephen Bonner , Jason Connolly , Noura Al Moubayed , Toby Breckon

Electrocardiogram (ECG) data collection during emergency situations is challenging, making ECG data generation an efficient solution for dealing with highly imbalanced ECG training datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Nour Neifar , Achraf Ben-Hamadou , Afef Mdhaffar , Mohamed Jmaiel , Bernd Freisleben

The electroretinogram (ERG) is a clinical test that records the retina's electrical response to light. The ERG is a promising way to study different neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including autism spectrum disorder…

The development of machine learning for cardiac care is severely hampered by privacy restrictions on sharing real patient electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Although generative AI offers a promising solution, the real-world use of existing…

Obtaining per-beat information is a key task in the analysis of cardiac electrocardiograms (ECG), as many downstream diagnosis tasks are dependent on ECG-based measurements. Those measurements, however, are costly to produce, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Guillermo Jimenez-Perez , Juan Acosta , Alejandro Alcaine , Oscar Camara

Synthetic Electronic Health Records (EHR) have emerged as a pivotal tool in advancing healthcare applications and machine learning models, particularly for researchers without direct access to healthcare data. Although existing methods,…

Recent promises of generative deep learning lately brought interest to its potential uses in neural engineering. In this paper we firstly review recently emerging studies on generating artificial electroencephalography (EEG) signals with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Ozan Ozdenizci , Deniz Erdogmus

Electroencephalogram (EEG) classification has been widely used in various medical and engineering applications, where it is important for understanding brain function, diagnosing diseases, and assessing mental health conditions. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Mingzhi Chen , Yiyu Gui , Yuqi Su , Yuesheng Zhu , Guibo Luo , Yuchao Yang

Time-series data augmentation mitigates the issue of insufficient training data for deep learning models. Yet, existing augmentation methods are mainly designed for classification, where class labels can be preserved even if augmentation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Jingbo Shang , Rajesh Gupta , Dezhi Hong

The present study introduces an innovative approach to the synthesis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by integrating diffusion models with reinforcement learning. This integration addresses key challenges associated with traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Yang An , Yuhao Tong , Weikai Wang , Steven W. Su
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