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Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains challenging when models simultaneously encounter correlation shifts across environments and diversity shifts driven by rare or hard samples. Existing invariant risk minimization (IRM) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuanchao Wang , Zhao-Rong Lai , Tianqi Zhong , Fengnan Li

Multimodal learning often encounters the under-optimized problem and may perform worse than unimodal learning. Existing approaches attribute this issue to imbalanced learning across modalities and tend to address it through gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Yang Luo

The empirical risk minimization approach to data-driven decision making requires access to training data drawn under the same conditions as those that will be faced when the decision rule is deployed. However, in a number of settings, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Roshni Sahoo , Lihua Lei , Stefan Wager

Deep learning models in recommender systems are usually trained in the batch mode, namely iteratively trained on a fixed-size window of training data. Such batch mode training of deep learning models suffers from low training efficiency,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Zhirong Liu , Xiuqiang He

Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning large language models (LLM) with human expectations. However, existing RMs struggle to capture the stochastic and uncertain nature of human preferences and fail to assess the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xingzhou Lou , Dong Yan , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Junge Zhang

We study the implicit bias of optimization in robust empirical risk minimization (robust ERM) and its connection with robust generalization. In classification settings under adversarial perturbations with linear models, we study what type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Natalie Frank , Nathan Srebro , Julia Kempe

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is a powerful framework for learning complex behaviors from expert demonstrations. However, it traditionally requires repeatedly solving a computationally expensive reinforcement learning (RL) problem in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 David Wu , Gokul Swamy , J. Andrew Bagnell , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Sanjiban Choudhury

Production scheduling is an essential task in manufacturing, with Reinforcement Learning (RL) emerging as a key solution. In a previous work, RL was utilized to solve an extended permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSSP) for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Arthur Müller , Felix Grumbach , Matthia Sabatelli

The stochastic variational inequality problem (SVIP) is an equilibrium model that includes random variables and has been widely applied in various fields such as economics and engineering. Expected residual minimization (ERM) is an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Atsushi Hori , Yuya Yamakawa , Nobuo Yamashita

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences through reinforcement learning (RLHF) can lead to reward hacking, where LLMs exploit failures in the reward model (RM) to achieve seemingly high rewards without meeting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Alexandre Ramé , Nino Vieillard , Léonard Hussenot , Robert Dadashi , Geoffrey Cideron , Olivier Bachem , Johan Ferret

For many applications in signal processing and machine learning, we are tasked with minimizing a large sum of convex functions subject to a large number of convex constraints. In this paper, we devise a new random projection method (RPM) to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Zhichun Yang , Fu-quan Xia , Kai Tu , Man-Chung Yue

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) techniques deal with the problem of deducing a reward function that explains the behavior of an expert agent who is assumed to act optimally in an underlying unknown task. In several problems of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Riccardo Poiani , Gabriele Curti , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Group imbalance has been a known problem in empirical risk minimization (ERM), where the achieved high average accuracy is accompanied by low accuracy in a minority group. Despite algorithmic efforts to improve the minority group accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-20 Hongkang Li , Shuai Zhang , Yihua Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen

In large-scale automotive companies, various requirements engineering (RE) practices are used across teams. RE practices manifest in Requirements Information Models (RIM) that define what concepts and information should be captured for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Rebekka Wohlrab , Eric Knauss , Patrizio Pelliccione

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational security, often evading traditional rule-based detection systems due to their subtlety and contextual nature. This paper presents an AI-powered Insider Risk Management (IRM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lokesh Koli , Shubham Kalra , Rohan Thakur , Anas Saifi , Karanpreet Singh

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is the problem of inferring the reward function of an agent, given its policy or observed behavior. Analogous to RL, IRL is perceived both as a problem and as a class of methods. By categorically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Saurabh Arora , Prashant Doshi

Evaluations of large language models (LLMs) suffer from instability, where small changes of random factors such as few-shot examples can lead to drastic fluctuations of scores and even model rankings. Moreover, different LLMs can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yiyang Li , Yonghuang Wu , Ying Luo , Liangtai Sun , Zishu Qin , Lin Qiu , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

Ensembles depend on diversity for improved performance. Many ensemble training methods, therefore, attempt to optimize for diversity, which they almost always define in terms of differences in training set predictions. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Andrew Slavin Ross , Weiwei Pan , Leo Anthony Celi , Finale Doshi-Velez

Regularization-based approaches for injecting constraints in Machine Learning (ML) were introduced to improve a predictive model via expert knowledge. We tackle the issue of finding the right balance between the loss (the accuracy of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Michele Lombardi , Federico Baldo , Andrea Borghesi , Michela Milano

Inverse optimization involves inferring unknown parameters of an optimization problem from known solutions and is widely used in fields such as transportation, power systems, and healthcare. We study the contextual inverse optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Saurabh Mishra , Anant Raj , Sharan Vaswani