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In this paper, a new queuing model for the Tactile Internet (TI) is proposed for the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture of the next generation wireless networks, e.g., 5G, assisted via orthogonal frequency division multiple…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Narges Gholipoor , Saeedeh Parsaeefard , Mohammad Reza Javan , Nader Mokari , Hamid Saeedi , Hossein Pishro-Nik

The growing demand for road use in urban areas has led to significant traffic congestion, posing challenges that are costly to mitigate through infrastructure expansion alone. As an alternative, optimizing existing traffic management…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Muhammad Tahir Rafique , Ahmed Mustafa , Hasan Sajid

Energy consumption in mobile communication networks has become a significant challenge due to its direct impact on Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX). The introduction of Open RAN (O-RAN) enables…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Rawlings Ntassah , Gian Michele Dell'Aera , Fabrizio Granelli

Dynamic resource allocation in open radio access network (O-RAN) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) presents a complex optimisation challenge under varying user loads. We propose a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) xApp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Jonathan Shock , Jaco Du Toit , Tobi Awodumila

Packet routing is one of the fundamental problems in computer networks in which a router determines the next-hop of each packet in the queue to get it as quickly as possible to its destination. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Xinyu You , Xuanjie Li , Yuedong Xu , Hui Feng , Jin Zhao , Huaicheng Yan

In this paper, we investigate the uplink (UL) radio resource management for 5G aerial corridors with an open-radio access network (O-RAN)-enabled cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system. Our objective is to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Manobendu Sarker , Md. Zoheb Hassan , Xianbin Wang

Interference continues to be a key limiting factor in cellular radio access network (RAN) deployments. Effective, data-driven, self-adapting radio resource management (RRM) solutions are essential for tackling interference, and thus…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Mahdi Eskandari , Shipra Kapoor , Keith Briggs , Arman Shojaeifard , Huiling Zhu , Alain Mourad

Traffic optimization challenges, such as load balancing, flow scheduling, and improving packet delivery time, are difficult online decision-making problems in wide area networks (WAN). Complex heuristics are needed for instance to find…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shan Sun , Mariam Kiran , Wei Ren

Recently, Intelligent Transportation Systems are leveraging the power of increased sensory coverage and computing power to deliver data-intensive solutions achieving higher levels of performance than traditional systems. Within Traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Alvaro Cabrejas-Egea , Raymond Zhang , Neil Walton

Open RAN introduces a flexible, cloud-based architecture for the Radio Access Network (RAN), enabling Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)-driven automation across heterogeneous, multi-vendor deployments. While EXplainable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Rahul Soundrarajan , Claudio Fiandrino , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Tommaso Melodia

Next-generation networks utilize the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture to enable dynamic resource management, facilitated by the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC). While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models show promise in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) Radio Access Networks (RANs) are a promising solution to tackle the overcrowding of the sub-6 GHz spectrum, offering wider and underutilized bands. However, they are characterized by inherent technical challenges,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Paolo Fiore , Ilario Filippini , Danilo De Donno

Finding the optimal signal timing strategy is a difficult task for the problem of large-scale traffic signal control (TSC). Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising method to solve this problem. However, there is still room…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Xiaoqiang Wang , Liangjun Ke , Zhimin Qiao , Xinghua Chai

The term Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Networks (DTN) invented to describe and cover all types of long-delay, disconnected, intermittently connected networks, where mobility and outages or scheduled contacts may be experienced. This environment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Fuad Yimer Yesuf , M. Prathap

Open RAN (O-RAN) exposes rich control and telemetry interfaces across the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, and distributed units, but also makes it harder to operate multi-tenant, multi-objective RANs in a safe and auditable manner. In parallel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhizhou He , Yang Luo , Xinkai Liu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for next-generation wireless networks, where online exploration is unsafe and large amounts of operational data can be reused across the model lifecycle. However, the behavior of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nicolas Helson , Pegah Alizadeh , Anastasios Giovanidis

Network energy efficiency is a main pillar in the design and operation of wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate a dense radio access network (dense-RAN) capable of radiated power management at the base station (BS).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Yuchao Chang , Wen Chen , Jun Li , Jianpo Liu , Haoran Wei , Zhendong Wang , Naofal Al-Dhahir

Radio access network (RAN) technologies continue to evolve, with Open RAN gaining the most recent momentum. In the O-RAN specifications, the RAN intelligent controllers (RICs) are software-defined orchestration and automation functions for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Peizheng Li , Jonathan Thomas , Xiaoyang Wang , Ahmed Khalil , Abdelrahim Ahmad , Rui Inacio , Shipra Kapoor , Arjun Parekh , Angela Doufexi , Arman Shojaeifard , Robert Piechocki

The realization of data-driven AI-native architecture envisioned for 6G and beyond networks can eventually lead to multiple machine learning (ML) workloads distributed at the network edges driving downstream tasks like secondary carrier…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Hasan Farooq , Julien Forgeat , Shruti Bothe , Kristijonas Cyras , Md Moin

Next-generation mobile networks require evolved radio access network (RAN) architectures to meet the demands of high capacity, massive connectivity, reduced costs, and energy efficiency, and to realize communication with ultra-low latency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Mahmoud A. Hasabelnaby , Mohanad Obeed , Mohammed Saif , Anas Chaaban , M. J. Hossain