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We present "Diagrams of States", a way to graphically represent and analyze how quantum information is elaborated during the execution of quantum circuits. This introductory tutorial illustrates the basics, providing useful examples of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-20 Sara Felloni , Alberto Leporati , Giuliano Strini

Image-based data is a popular arena for testing quantum machine learning algorithms. A crucial factor in realizing quantum advantage for these applications is the ability to efficiently represent images as quantum states. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Jason Iaconis , Sonika Johri

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine for quantum computing. We show that any $n$-qubit quantum state can be prepared with a $\Theta(n)$-depth circuit using only single- and two-qubit gates, although with a cost of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Tongyang Li , Xiao Yuan

Quantum protocols often require the generation of specific quantum states. We describe a quantum algorithm for generating any prescribed quantum state. For an important subclass of states, including pure symmetric states, this algorithm is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Phillip Kaye , Michele Mosca

We study the approximate state preparation problem on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers by applying a genetic algorithm to generate quantum circuits for state preparation. The algorithm can account for the specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Tom Rindell , Berat Yenilen , Niklas Halonen , Arttu Pönni , Ilkka Tittonen , Matti Raasakka

Quantum data loading plays a central role in quantum algorithms and quantum information processing. Many quantum algorithms hinge on the ability to prepare arbitrary superposition states as a subroutine, with claims of exponential speedups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Chun-Tse Li , Hao-Chung Cheng

This is the documentation for generating random samples from the quantum state space in accordance with a specified distribution, associated with this webpage: http://tinyurl.com/QSampling . Ready-made samples (each with at least a million…

We present a probabilistic quantum algorithm for preparing mixed states which, in expectation, are proportional to the solutions of Lyapunov equations -- linear matrix equations ubiquitous in the analysis of classical and quantum dynamical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Marcello Benedetti , Ansis Rosmanis , Matthias Rosenkranz

Quantum phase estimation is an important routine in many quantum algorithms, particularly for estimating the ground state energy in quantum chemistry simulations. This estimation involves applying powers of a unitary to the ground state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Kaur Kristjuhan , Dominic W. Berry

Quantum information technologies provide promising applications in communication and computation, while machine learning has become a powerful technique for extracting meaningful structures in 'big data'. A crossover between quantum…

A simple method is proposed to prepare conveniently the effective pure state |00...0><0...00| with any number of qubits in a quantum ensemble. The preparation is based on the temporal averaging (Knill, Chuang, and Laflamme, Phys.Rev.A 57,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xijia Miao

The task of learning a quantum circuit to prepare a given mixed state is a fundamental quantum subroutine. We present a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) to learn mixed states which is suitable for near-term hardware. Our algorithm…

Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging. Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling. However, general and practical quantum…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Yiran Bai , Feng Xiong , Xueheng Kuang

Matrix product states, a key ingredient of numerical algorithms widely employed in the simulation of quantum spin chains, provide an intriguing tool for quantum phase transition engineering. At critical values of the control parameters on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Cozzini , R. Ionicioiu , P. Zanardi

We apply a notion of static renormalization to the preparation of entangled states for quantum computing, exploiting ideas from percolation theory. Such a strategy yields a novel way to cope with the randomness of non-deterministic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 K. Kieling , T. Rudolph , J. Eisert

Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Stefanie Barz , Daniel Bhatti

We introduce an efficient algorithm for the systematic design of shallow-depth quantum circuits capable of preparing many-body quantum states represented as Matrix Product States (MPS). The proposed method leverages Schmidt spectrum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Josh Green , Joshua Snow , Jingbo B Wang

As quantum computing hardware advances, the need for algorithms that facilitate the loading of classical data into the quantum states of these devices has become increasingly important. This study presents a method for producing scalable…

The preparation of quantum Gibbs states at finite temperatures is a cornerstone of quantum computation, enabling applications in quantum simulation of many-body systems, machine learning via quantum Boltzmann machines, and optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Rui-Hao Li , Semeon Valgushev , Khadijeh Najafi

One advantage of quantum algorithms over classical computation is the possibility to spread out, process, analyse and extract information in multipartite configurations in coherent superpositions of classical states. This will be discussed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Svozil