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The problem of benign overfitting asks whether it is possible for a model to perfectly fit noisy training data and still generalize well. We study benign overfitting in two-layer leaky ReLU networks trained with the hinge loss on a binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Kedar Karhadkar , Erin George , Michael Murray , Guido Montúfar , Deanna Needell

In this paper, we provide sufficient conditions of benign overfitting of fixed width leaky ReLU two-layer neural network classifiers trained on mixture data via gradient descent. Our results are derived by establishing directional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ichiro Hashimoto

The implicit bias of neural networks has been extensively studied in recent years. Lyu and Li [2019] showed that in homogeneous networks trained with the exponential or the logistic loss, gradient flow converges to a KKT point of the max…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Gal Vardi , Ohad Shamir , Nathan Srebro

Modern deep learning models with great expressive power can be trained to overfit the training data but still generalize well. This phenomenon is referred to as \textit{benign overfitting}. Recently, a few studies have attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Yuanzhou Chen , Quanquan Gu

We study benign overfitting in two-layer ReLU networks trained using gradient descent and hinge loss on noisy data for binary classification. In particular, we consider linearly separable data for which a relatively small proportion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Erin George , Michael Murray , William Swartworth , Deanna Needell

Despite a great deal of research, it is still unclear why neural networks are so susceptible to adversarial examples. In this work, we identify natural settings where depth-$2$ ReLU networks trained with gradient flow are provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Gal Vardi , Gilad Yehudai , Ohad Shamir

Modern machine learning systems such as deep neural networks are often highly over-parameterized so that they can fit the noisy training data exactly, yet they can still achieve small test errors in practice. In this paper, we study this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu , Mikhail Belkin

The implicit bias towards solutions with favorable properties is believed to be a key reason why neural networks trained by gradient-based optimization can generalize well. While the implicit bias of gradient flow has been widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Quanquan Gu

The practical success of deep learning has led to the discovery of several surprising phenomena. One of these phenomena, that has spurred intense theoretical research, is ``benign overfitting'': deep neural networks seem to generalize well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ichiro Hashimoto , Stanislav Volgushev , Piotr Zwiernik

"Benign overfitting", where classifiers memorize noisy training data yet still achieve a good generalization performance, has drawn great attention in the machine learning community. To explain this surprising phenomenon, a series of works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jinghui Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

Neural networks trained by gradient descent (GD) have exhibited a number of surprising generalization behaviors. First, they can achieve a perfect fit to noisy training data and still generalize near-optimally, showing that overfitting can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Zhiwei Xu , Yutong Wang , Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Wei Hu

The implicit biases of gradient-based optimization algorithms are conjectured to be a major factor in the success of modern deep learning. In this work, we investigate the implicit bias of gradient flow and gradient descent in two-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro , Wei Hu

Modern deep learning models are usually highly over-parameterized so that they can overfit the training data. Surprisingly, such overfitting neural networks can usually still achieve high prediction accuracy. To study this "benign…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Xuran Meng , Difan Zou , Yuan Cao

This paper presents a novel approach to solving convex optimization problems by leveraging the fact that, under certain regularity conditions, any set of primal or dual variables satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Shreya Arvind , Rishabh Pomaje , Rajshekhar V Bhat

Benign overfitting, the phenomenon where interpolating models generalize well in the presence of noisy data, was first observed in neural network models trained with gradient descent. To better understand this empirical observation, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Spencer Frei , Niladri S. Chatterji , Peter L. Bartlett

This paper investigates the phenomenon of benign overfitting in binary classification problems with heavy-tailed input distributions, extending the analysis of maximum margin classifiers to $\alpha$ sub-exponential distributions ($\alpha…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Kota Okudo , Kei Kobayashi

This paper presents a framework for inverse learning of objective functions for constrained optimal control problems, which is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. We discuss three variants corresponding to different model…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-07 Marcel Menner , Melanie N. Zeilinger

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a predictor perfectly fits noisy training data while attaining near-optimal expected loss, has received much attention in recent years, but still remains not fully understood beyond well-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ohad Shamir

Modern machine learning models often employ a huge number of parameters and are typically optimized to have zero training loss; yet surprisingly, they possess near-optimal prediction performance, contradicting classical learning theory. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Zhu Li , Zhi-Hua Zhou , Arthur Gretton

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li
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