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This paper proposes a novel weakly-supervised semantic segmentation method using image-level label only. The class-specific activation maps from the well-trained classifiers are used as cues to train a segmentation network. The well-known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Ting Sun , Lei Tai , Zhihan Gao , Ming Liu , Dit-Yan Yeung

Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) is a challenging task aiming to learn the segmentation labels from class-level labels. In the literature, exploiting the information obtained from Class Activation Maps (CAMs) is widely used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Cenk Bircanoglu , Nafiz Arica

In recent years, the Transformer architecture has achieved outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and modalities. Token is the unified input and output representation in Transformer-based models, which has become a fundamental…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Jingkai Ying , Zhijin Qin , Yulong Feng , Liejun Wang , Xiaoming Tao

Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in learning effective representations, with supervised contrastive learning often outperforming self-supervised approaches. However, in real-world scenarios, data annotations are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zi-Hao Zhou , Jun-Jie Wang , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

Weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation methods that require 1\% or fewer labels, hoping to realize almost the same performance as fully supervised approaches, which recently, have attracted extensive research attention. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Tianfang Sun , Zhizhong Zhang , Xin Tan , Yanyun Qu , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma

Semantic segmentation is a task that traditionally requires a large dataset of pixel-level ground truth labels, which is time-consuming and expensive to obtain. Recent advancements in the weakly-supervised setting show that reasonable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Erik Stammes , Tom F. H. Runia , Michael Hofmann , Mohsen Ghafoorian

Image-level weakly supervised semantic segmentation has received increasing attention due to its low annotation cost. Existing methods mainly rely on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) to obtain pseudo-labels for training semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Xinqiao Zhao , Feilong Tang , Xiaoyang Wang , Jimin Xiao

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation produces pixel-level localization from class labels; however, a classifier trained on such labels is likely to focus on a small discriminative region of the target object. We interpret this phenomenon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Jungbeom Lee , Jooyoung Choi , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Audio-Visual Semantic Segmentation (AVSS) aligns audio and video at the pixel level but requires costly per-frame annotations. We introduce Weakly Supervised Audio-Visual Semantic Segmentation (WSAVSS), which uses only video-level labels to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chengzhi Li , Heyan Huang , Ping Jian , Yanghao Zhou

Instance segmentation in videos, which aims to segment and track multiple objects in video frames, has garnered a flurry of research attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel weakly supervised framework with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Liqi Yan , Qifan Wang , Siqi Ma , Jingang Wang , Changbin Yu

Unsupervised semantic segmentation aims to categorize each pixel in an image into a corresponding class without the use of annotated data. It is a widely researched area as obtaining labeled datasets is expensive. While previous works in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yau Shing Jonathan Cheung , Xi Chen , Lihe Yang , Hengshuang Zhao

The input tokens to Vision Transformers carry little semantic meaning as they are defined as regular equal-sized patches of the input image, regardless of its content. However, processing uniform background areas of an image should not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jakob Drachmann Havtorn , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Labeling Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) semiconductor images is challenging due to the low-contrast defect boundaries, necessitating annotators to cross-reference multiple views. These views share a single ground truth (GT), forming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Peihao Li , Yan Fang , Man Liu , Huihui Bai , Anhong Wang , Yunchao Wei , Yao Zhao

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are built on the assumption of treating image patches as ``visual tokens" and learn patch-to-patch attention. The patch embedding based tokenizer has a semantic gap with respect to its counterpart, the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Ryan Grainger , Thomas Paniagua , Xi Song , Naresh Cuntoor , Mun Wai Lee , Tianfu Wu

Vision transformers (ViTs) encoding an image as a sequence of patches bring new paradigms for semantic segmentation.We present an efficient framework of representation separation in local-patch level and global-region level for semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuanduo Hong , Huihui Pan , Weichao Sun , Xinghu Yu , Huijun Gao

Annotating lots of 3D medical images for training segmentation models is time-consuming. The goal of weakly supervised semantic segmentation is to train segmentation models without using any ground truth segmentation masks. Our work…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Marius Schmidt-Mengin , Alexis Benichoux , Shibeshih Belachew , Nikos Komodakis , Nikos Paragios

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from increased inference costs due to the additional vision tokens introduced by image inputs. In this work, we propose Visual Consistency Learning (ViCO), a novel training algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Long Cui , Weiyun Wang , Jie Shao , Zichen Wen , Gen Luo , Linfeng Zhang , Yanting Zhang , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

The main obstacle to weakly supervised semantic image segmentation is the difficulty of obtaining pixel-level information from coarse image-level annotations. Most methods based on image-level annotations use localization maps obtained from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jungbeom Lee , Eunji Kim , Sungmin Lee , Jangho Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures represent images as collections of high-dimensional vectorized tokens, each corresponding to a rectangular non-overlapping patch. This representation trades spatial granularity for embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dong Lao , Yangchao Wu , Tian Yu Liu , Alex Wong , Stefano Soatto

The rapid development of deep learning has driven significant progress in image semantic segmentation - a fundamental task in computer vision. Semantic segmentation algorithms often depend on the availability of pixel-level labels (i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhaozheng Chen , Qianru Sun