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There are concerns about the reliability and safety of artificial intelligence (AI) based on sub-symbolic neural networks because its decisions cannot be explained explicitly. This is the black box problem of modern AI. At the same time,…
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been clearly established as a technology with the potential to revolutionize fields from healthcare to finance - if developed and deployed responsibly. This is the topic of responsible AI, which emphasizes…
In the last years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved a notable momentum that may deliver the best of expectations over many application sectors across the field. For this to occur, the entire community stands in front of the barrier…
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning models, has significantly impacted bioinformatics research by offering powerful tools for analyzing complex biological data. However, the lack of interpretability…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important part of our everyday lives. We use it in self-driving cars and smartphone assistants. People often call it a "black box" because its complex systems, especially deep neural networks, are hard to…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promising applications for the perception and planning tasks in autonomous driving (AD) due to its superior performance compared to conventional methods. However, inscrutable AI systems exacerbate the…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have reached a very significant level of accuracy. While their superior performance offers considerable benefits, their inherent complexity often decreases human trust, which slows their application in…
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rising field in AI. It aims to produce a demonstrative factor of trust, which for human subjects is achieved through communicative means, which Machine Learning (ML) algorithms cannot solely…
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) recently launched the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) program that aims to create a suite of new AI techniques that enable end users to understand, appropriately trust, and…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly more popular and can be found in workplaces and homes around the world. The decisions made by such "black box" systems are often opaque; that is, so complex as to be functionally…
The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into everyday life makes it essential to explain AI-based decision-making in a way that is understandable to all users, including those with disabilities. Accessible explanations…
Interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are becoming increasingly prevalent in society. However, application of such systems without understanding them can be problematic. Black-box AI systems can lead to liability and…
The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has raised concerns about the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven medical diagnosis systems. Many existing models operate as black boxes, limiting clinicians' ability…
With the rise of complex cyber devices Cyber Forensics (CF) is facing many new challenges. For example, there are dozens of systems running on smartphones, each with more than millions of downloadable applications. Sifting through this…
Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly finding applications in the field of medicine. Concerns have been raised about the explainability of the decisions that are made by these AI models. In this article, we give a systematic…
The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…
Explainable AI (XAI) is often promoted with the idea of helping users understand how machine learning models function and produce predictions. Still, most of these benefits are reserved for those with specialized domain knowledge, such as…
Artificial intelligence systems are widely used by people with sensory disabilities, like loss of vision or hearing, to help perceive or navigate the world around them. This includes tasks like describing an image or object they cannot…
Explainable AI (XAI) seeks to transform black-box algorithmic processes into transparent ones, enhancing trust in AI applications across various sectors such as education. This review aims to examine the various definitions of XAI within…