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We consider complete graphs with edge weights and/or node weights taking values in some set. In the first part of this paper, we show that a large number of graphs are completely determined, up to isomorphism, by the distribution of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-10-11 Mireille Boutin , Gregor Kemper

We define and study analogs of curve graphs for infinite type surfaces. Our definitions use the geometry of a fixed surface and vertices of our graphs are infinite multicurves which are bounded in both a geometric and a topological sense.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Ariadna Fossas , Hugo Parlier

Graph embeddings, wherein the nodes of the graph are represented by points in a continuous space, are used in a broad range of Graph ML applications. The quality of such embeddings crucially depends on whether the geometry of the space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Francesco Di Giovanni , Giulia Luise , Michael Bronstein

We develop a transitional geometry, that is, a family of geometries of constant curvatures which makes a continuous connec-tion between the hyperbolic, Euclidean and spherical geometries. In this transitional setting, several geometric…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-24 Athanase Papadopoulos , Norbert A'Campo

Block designs are combinatorial structures in which each pair of a set of varieties appears together in a fixed number of blocks. Complete graphs are graphs in which every pair of vertices are adjacent. We present some new constructions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Benjamin Glancy , Leanne Holder

We define a graph structure associated in a natural way to finite fields that nevertheless distinguishes between different models of isomorphic fields.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Anders Karlsson , Gaëtan Kuhn

We present a form of algebraic reasoning for computational objects which are expressed as graphs. Edges describe the flow of data between primitive operations which are represented by vertices. These graphs have an interface made of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-23 Lucas Dixon , Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger

This paper introduces a novel topology, referred to as the star topology, on finite graphs. By treating vertices and edges as points in a unified space, we explore continuous maps between Bare representations of a graph and their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Rodolfo E. Maza

As previously known, all 3-manifolds of genus two can be represented by edge-coloured graphs uniquely defined by 6-tuples of integers satisfying simple conditions. The present paper describes an ``elementary transformation'' on these…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Luigi Grasselli , Michele Mulazzani , Roman Nedela

A mixed graph can be seen as a type of digraph containing some edges (two opposite arcs). Here we introduce the concept of sequence mixed graphs, which is a generalization of both sequence graphs and iterated line digraphs. These structures…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-13 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol , N. López

Clones are specializations of operads forming powerful instruments to describe varieties of algebras wherein repeating variables are allowed in their equations. They allow us in this way to realize and study a large range of algebraic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Samuele Giraudo

These notes concern aspects of various graphs whose vertex set is a group $G$ and whose edges reflect group structure in some way (so that they are invariant under the action of the automorphism group of $G$). The graphs I will discuss are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Peter J. Cameron

We construct monoid algebras which satisfy the ascending chain condition on principal ideals and which have the property that every nonempty subset of $\mathbb{N}_{\ge 2}$ occurs as a length set.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Alfred Geroldinger , Felix Gotti

Graph are a ubiquitous data representation, as they represent a flexible and compact representation. For instance, the 3D structure of RNA can be efficiently represented as $\textit{2.5D graphs}$, graphs whose nodes are nucleotides and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Vincent Mallet , Carlos G. Oliver , William L. Hamilton

A nut graph is a simple graph of order 2 or more for which the adjacency matrix has a single zero eigenvalue such that all non-zero kernel eigenvectors have no zero entry (i.e. are full). It is shown by construction that every finite group…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Nino Bašić , Patrick W. Fowler

A commutative algebra is exact if its multiplication endomorphisms are trace-free and is Killing metrized if its Killing type trace-form is nondegenerate and invariant. A Killing metrized exact commutative algebra is necessarily neither…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Daniel J. F. Fox

Let $\Gamma$ be a triangulation of a connected closed $2$-dimensional (not necessarily orientable) surface. Using zigzags (closed left-right paths), for every face of $\Gamma$ we define the $z$-monodromy which acts on the oriented edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Mark Pankov , Adam Tyc

A signed graph is a graph together with an assignment of signs to the edges. A closed walk in a signed graph is said to be positive (negative) if it has an even (odd) number of negative edges, counting repetition. Recognizing the signs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Reza Naserasr , Eric Sopena , Thomas Zaslavsky

In this contribution we investigate several extensions of the powerset that comprise arbitrarily nested subsets, and call them superpower set. This allows the definition of graphs with possibly infinitely nested nodes. additionally we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Julia Padberg

A one-degree-of-freedom graph is a graph obtained from a minimally rigid graph in the plane and removing an edge. For such graph, the set of realisations with fixed edge length, modulo rotations and reflections, is an algebraic curve. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Josef Schicho , Ayush Kumar Tewari , Audie Warren