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Model-based methods have recently shown great potential for off-policy evaluation (OPE); offline trajectories induced by behavioral policies are fitted to transitions of Markov decision processes (MDPs), which are used to rollout simulated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Qitong Gao , Ge Gao , Min Chi , Miroslav Pajic

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is one of the most popular state-of-the-art on-policy algorithms that has become a standard baseline in modern reinforcement learning with applications in numerous fields. Though it delivers stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Hsin-Jung Yang , Mahsa Khosravi , Joshua R. Waite , Soumik Sarkar

Incorporating prior data into online reinforcement learning accelerates training but typically forces a difficult trade-off between high computational costs and long, multi-stage training pipelines. While fixed-length stabilization phases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Carlo Romeo , Girolamo Macaluso , Alessandro Sestini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Cloud robotics enables robots to offload high-dimensional motion planning and reasoning to remote servers. However, for continuous manipulation tasks requiring high-frequency control, network latency and jitter can severely destabilize the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chanh Nguyen , Shutong Jin , Florian T. Pokorny , Erik Elmroth

Data-driven black-box model-based optimization (MBO) problems arise in a great number of practical application scenarios, where the goal is to find a design over the whole space maximizing a black-box target function based on a static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Mingcheng Chen , Haoran Zhao , Yuxiang Zhao , Hulei Fan , Hongqiao Gao , Yong Yu , Zheng Tian

This paper endeavors to augment the robustness of offline reinforcement learning (RL) in scenarios laden with heavy-tailed rewards, a prevalent circumstance in real-world applications. We propose two algorithmic frameworks, ROAM and ROOM,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jin Zhu , Runzhe Wan , Zhengling Qi , Shikai Luo , Chengchun Shi

Offline reinforcement learning struggles with distributional shift and constrained performance due to static dataset limitations, while online RL demands prohibitive environment interactions. The recent advent of hybrid offline-to-online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua Russell Waite , Aditya Balu , Cody Fleming , Soumik Sarkar

The application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real world environments can be expensive or risky due to sub-optimal policies during training. In Offline RL, this problem is avoided since interactions with an environment are prohibited.…

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is widely applied in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and e-commerce to evaluate the efficacy of novel products or policies from offline datasets. This paper introduces a causal deepset framework that relaxes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-26 Runpeng Dai , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou , Shikai Luo , Zhiwei Qin , Chengchun Shi , Hongtu Zhu

We revisit the domain of off-policy policy optimization in RL from the perspective of coordinate ascent. One commonly-used approach is to leverage the off-policy policy gradient to optimize a surrogate objective -- the total discounted in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hsin-En Su , Yen-Ju Chen , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Xi Liu

In the automation of many kinds of processes, the observable outcome can often be described as the combined effect of an entire sequence of actions, or controls, applied throughout its execution. In these cases, strategies to optimise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Rafael Oliveira , Fernando H. M. Rocha , Lionel Ott , Vitor Guizilini , Fabio Ramos , Valdir Grassi

Off-policy learning is a framework for optimizing policies without deploying them, using data collected by another policy. In recommender systems, this is especially challenging due to the imbalance in logged data: some items are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Matej Cief , Branislav Kveton , Michal Kompan

Model-based Reinforcement Learning estimates the true environment through a world model in order to approximate the optimal policy. This family of algorithms usually benefits from better sample efficiency than their model-free counterparts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Valentin Charvet , Bjørn Sand Jensen , Roderick Murray-Smith

We consider the problem of learning from observation (LfO), in which the agent aims to mimic the expert's behavior from the state-only demonstrations by experts. We additionally assume that the agent cannot interact with the environment but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Geon-Hyeong Kim , Jongmin Lee , Youngsoo Jang , Hongseok Yang , Kee-Eung Kim

The (contextual) multi-armed bandit problem (MAB) provides a formalization of sequential decision-making which has many applications. However, validly evaluating MAB policies is challenging; we either resort to simulations which inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Jules Kruijswijk , Petri Parvinen , Maurits Kaptein

In this paper, we show how a simulated Markov decision process (MDP) built by the so-called \emph{baseline} policies, can be used to compute a different policy, namely the \emph{simulated optimal} policy, for which the performance of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-13 Yinlam Chow , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) in reinforcement learning is notoriously difficult in long- and infinite-horizon settings due to diminishing overlap between behavior and target policies. In this paper, we study the role of Markovian and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-18 Nathan Kallus , Masatoshi Uehara

Deep reinforcement learning has been able to solve various tasks successfully, however, due to the construction of policy gradient and training dynamics, tuning deep reinforcement learning models remains challenging. As one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hanyong Wang , Menglong Yang

Policy constraint methods in offline reinforcement learning employ additional regularization techniques to constrain the discrepancy between the learned policy and the offline dataset. However, these methods tend to result in overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shirong Liu , Chenjia Bai , Zixian Guo , Hao Zhang , Gaurav Sharma , Yang Liu

Real-world wireless data are expensive to collect and often lack sufficient expert demonstrations, causing existing offline RL methods to overfit suboptimal behaviors and exhibit unstable performance. To address this issue, we propose CORE,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lipeng Zu , Hansong Zhou , Yu Qian , Shayok Chakraborty , Yukun Yuan , Linke Guo , Xiaonan Zhang