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Multi-task learning is to improve the performance of the model by transferring and exploiting common knowledge among tasks. Existing MTL works mainly focus on the scenario where label sets among multiple tasks (MTs) are usually the same,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Quan Feng , Songcan Chen

We consider Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification (LMTC) in the legal domain. We release a new dataset of 57k legislative documents from EURLEX, annotated with ~4.3k EUROVOC labels, which is suitable for LMTC, few- and zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Ion Androutsopoulos

Large multi-label text classification is a challenging Natural Language Processing (NLP) problem that is concerned with text classification for datasets with thousands of labels. We tackle this problem in the legal domain, where datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Zein Shaheen , Gerhard Wohlgenannt , Erwin Filtz

Multi-label classification is a type of classification task, it is used when there are two or more classes, and the data point we want to predict may belong to none of the classes or all of them at the same time. In the real world, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Shikun Chen

Hierarchical text classification aims to leverage label hierarchy in multi-label text classification. Existing methods encode label hierarchy in a global view, where label hierarchy is treated as the static hierarchical structure containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Ting Jiang , Deqing Wang , Leilei Sun , Zhongzhi Chen , Fuzhen Zhuang , Qinghong Yang

Neural networks have recently been proposed for multi-label classification because they are able to capture and model label dependencies in the output layer. In this work, we investigate limitations of BP-MLL, a neural network (NN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Jinseok Nam , Jungi Kim , Eneldo Loza Mencía , Iryna Gurevych , Johannes Fürnkranz

In this paper, we focus on data augmentation for the extreme multi-label classification (XMC) problem. One of the most challenging issues of XMC is the long tail label distribution where even strong models suffer from insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Danqing Zhang , Tao Li , Haiyang Zhang , Bing Yin

Novel contexts may often arise in complex querying scenarios such as in evidence-based medicine (EBM) involving biomedical literature, that may not explicitly refer to entities or canonical concept forms occurring in any fact- or rule-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Manirupa Das , Juanxi Li , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Simon Lin , Soheil Moosavinasab , Steve Rust , Yungui Huang , Rajiv Ramnath

In multi-label text classification, each textual document can be assigned with one or more labels. Due to this nature, the multi-label text classification task is often considered to be more challenging compared to the binary or multi-class…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jingcheng Du , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Yang Xiang , Cui Tao , Zhiyong Lu

Extreme multi-label (XML) classification refers to the task of supervised multi-label learning that involves a large number of labels. Hence, scalability of the classifier with increasing label dimension is an important consideration. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Istasis Mishra , Arpan Dasgupta , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra , Pawan Kumar

Large-scale Multi-label Text Classification (LMTC) has a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications and presents interesting challenges. First, not all labels are well represented in the training set, due to the very large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Sotiris Kotitsas , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Training deep learning models with limited labelled data is an attractive scenario for many NLP tasks, including document classification. While with the recent emergence of BERT, deep learning language models can achieve reasonably good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Jinghui Lu , Maeve Henchion , Ivan Bacher , Brian Mac Namee

Existing online multi-label classification works cannot well handle the online label thresholding problem and lack the regret analysis for their online algorithms. This paper proposes a novel framework of adaptive label thresholding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Tingting Zhai , Hongcheng Tang , Hao Wang

Datasets may contain observations with multiple labels. If the labels are not mutually exclusive, and if the labels vary greatly in frequency, obtaining a sample that includes sufficient observations with scarcer labels to make inferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Simon Chung , Colby J. Vorland , Donna L. Maney , Andrew W. Brown

To advance the development of science and technology, research proposals are submitted to open-court competitive programs developed by government agencies (e.g., NSF). Proposal classification is one of the most important tasks to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Meng Xiao , Ziyue Qiao , Yanjie Fu , Yi Du , Pengyang Wang

Text classification, a core component of task-oriented dialogue systems, attracts continuous research from both the research and industry community, and has resulted in tremendous progress. However, existing method does not consider the use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Yifeng Xie

Multi-label classification is a type of supervised machine learning that can simultaneously assign multiple labels to an instance. To solve this task, some methods divide the original problem into several sub-problems (local approach),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Elaine Cecília Gatto , Felipe Nakano Kenji , Jesse Read , Mauri Ferrandin , Ricardo Cerri , Celine Vens

An important problem in multi-label classification is to capture label patterns or underlying structures that have an impact on such patterns. This paper addresses one such problem, namely how to exploit hierarchical structures over labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-17 Jinseok Nam , Johannes Fürnkranz

Label embedding is a framework for multiclass classification problems where each label is represented by a distinct vector of some fixed dimension, and training involves matching model output to the vector representing the correct label.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jianxin Zhang , Clayton Scott

Multi-label text classification is a challenging task because it requires capturing label dependencies. It becomes even more challenging when class distribution is long-tailed. Resampling and re-weighting are common approaches used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yi Huang , Buse Giledereli , Abdullatif Köksal , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli