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We consider the set of all initial states within a microcanonical energy shell of an isolated many-body quantum system, which exhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed non-equilibrium expectation value for some given observable $A$. On…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-04 Peter Reimann

An isolated quantum many-body system in an initial pure state will come to thermal equilibrium if it satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We consider alternatives to ETH that have been proposed. We first show that von…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-15 Marcos Rigol , Mark Srednicki

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization in terms of a Hermitian operator and the complex eigenkets that follows Gaussian ensemble distribution. With the non-Hermitian open bipartite system, there are, however, some global restrictions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-09 Chen-Huan Wu

We develop a class of matrix models which implement and formalize the `eigenstate thermalization hypothesis' (ETH) and point out that in general these models must contain non-Gaussian corrections, already in order to correctly capture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-06 Daniel Louis Jafferis , David K. Kolchmeyer , Baur Mukhametzhanov , Julian Sonner

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems, linking quantum chaos with statistical mechanics. In this work, we extend the ETH framework to open quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Filippo Ferrari , Vincenzo Savona , Fabrizio Minganti

With increasing subsystem size and energy, bipartite entanglement entropies of energy eigenstates cross over from the groundstate scaling to a volume law. In previous work, we pointed out that, when strong or weak eigenstate thermalization…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-09 Qiang Miao , Thomas Barthel

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a translationally invariant quantum spin system on the $d$-dimensional cubic lattice under the periodic boundary conditions. It is known that the ETH holds in this model for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-03 Takashi Mori

We investigate the second quantization form of the entanglement Hamiltonian (EH) of various subregions for the ground-state of several interacting lattice fermions and spin models. The relation between the EH and the model Hamiltonian…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-11 Mahdieh Pourjafarabadi , Hanieh Najafzadeh , Mohammad-Sadegh Vaezi , Abolhassan Vaezi

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) describes the properties of diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in the eigenenergy basis. In this work, we propose a relation between (i) the singular behaviour of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Luca Capizzi , Jiaozi Wang , Xiansong Xu , Leonardo Mazza , Dario Poletti

We explore the role of the initial state on the onset of thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems after a quench. The initial state is an eigenstate of an initial Hamiltonian $\hat{H}_I$ and it evolves according to a different…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-10-16 E. J. Torres-Herrera , Lea F. Santos

By means of a Floquet analysis, we study the quantum dynamics of a fully connected Lipkin-Ising ferromagnet in a periodically driven transverse field showing that thermalization in the steady state is intimately connected to properties of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-08-31 Angelo Russomanno , Rosario Fazio , Giuseppe E. Santoro

We present a theory to describe thermalization mechanism for time-periodic finite isolated interacting quantum systems. The long time asymptote of natural observables in Floquet states is directly related to averages of these observables…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-14 Dong E. Liu

The relaxation of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) has been studied as a mean to characterize the scrambling properties of a quantum system. We show that the presence of local conserved quantities typically results in, at the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-22 Vinitha Balachandran , Giuliano Benenti , Giulio Casati , Dario Poletti

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) underpins much of our modern understanding of the thermalization of closed quantum many-body systems. Here, we investigate the statistical properties of observables in the eigenbasis of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-19 Gabriel Almeida , Pedro Ribeiro , Masudul Haque , Lucas Sá

The postulates of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) express that thermalization occurs due to the individual eigenstate of the system's Hamiltonian. But the ETH put no light on the dynamics that lead toward thermalization. In…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-11-02 Javed Akram , Asad Hussain , Muhammad Nouman , Jameel Hussain

Under unitary time evolution, expectation values of physically reasonable observables often evolve towards the predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that this is also true…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-04-19 Fabio Anza , Christian Gogolin , Marcus Huber

We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

This work investigates the relationship between quantum chaos and thermalization in a three-species Bose-Josephson Junction (BJJ) with mutual interactions, without coupling to any external environment. The analysis is grounded in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-21 Francesco Di Menna , Sergio Ciuchi , Simone Paganelli

By calculating correlation functions for the Lieb-Liniger model based on the algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we conduct a finite-size scaling analysis of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) which is considered to be a possible…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-06 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

Many phases of matter, including superconductors, fractional quantum Hall fluids and spin liquids, are described by gauge theories with constrained Hilbert spaces. However, thermalization and the applicability of quantum statistical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-12-09 A. Chandran , M. D. Schulz , F. J. Burnell