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PET/CT imaging is the gold standard for tumor detection, offering high accuracy in identifying local and metastatic lesions. Radiologists often begin assessment with rotational Multi-Angle Maximum Intensity Projections (MIPs) from PET,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Romario Zarik , Nahum Kiryati , Michael Green , Liran Domachevsky , Arnaldo Mayer

Tumor segmentation in oncological PET is challenging, a major reason being the partial-volume effects that arise due to low system resolution and finite voxel size. The latter results in tissue-fraction effects, i.e. voxels contain a…

Semantic segmentation is an essential component of medical image analysis research, with recent deep learning algorithms offering out-of-the-box applicability across diverse datasets. Despite these advancements, segmentation failures remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Maximilian Zenk , David Zimmerer , Fabian Isensee , Jeremias Traub , Tobias Norajitra , Paul F. Jäger , Klaus Maier-Hein

In the last decade, research on artificial intelligence has seen rapid growth with deep learning models, especially in the field of medical image segmentation. Various studies demonstrated that these models have powerful prediction…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-14 Dominik Müller , Iñaki Soto-Rey , Frank Kramer

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can potentially support histopathologists in the diagnosis of a broad spectrum of cancer types. In colorectal cancer (CRC), AI can alleviate the laborious task of characterization and reporting on resected…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-10 John-Melle Bokhorst , Iris D. Nagtegaal , Filippo Fraggetta , Simona Vatrano , Wilma Mesker , Michael Vieth , Jeroen van der Laak , Francesco Ciompi

One of the main requirements of tumor extraction is the annotation and segmentation of tumor boundaries correctly. For this purpose, we present a threefold deep learning architecture. First classifiers are implemented with a deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Shanaka Ramesh Gunasekara , H. N. T. K. Kaldera , Maheshi B. Dissanayake

Tumor segmentation in whole-body PET/CT imaging is crucial for precise disease evaluation and treatment planning. However, it remains challenging due to variability in lesion size, contrast, and anatomical distribution. Relying on manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hussain Alasmawi

Automatic segmentation of tumor lesions is a critical initial processing step for quantitative PET/CT analysis. However, numerous tumor lesions with different shapes, sizes, and uptake intensity may be distributed in different anatomical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Zhantao Liu , Shaonan Zhong , Junyang Mo

Background: In the field of radiology and radiotherapy, accurate delineation of tissues and organs plays a crucial role in both diagnostics and therapeutics. While the gold standard remains expert-driven manual segmentation, many automatic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-14 Szuzina Fazekas , Bettina Katalin Budai , Viktor Bérczi , Pál Maurovich-Horvat , Zsolt Vizi

Automatic medical image segmentation plays a critical role in scientific research and medical care. Existing high-performance deep learning methods typically rely on large training datasets with high-quality manual annotations, which are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-17 Shanshan Wang , Cheng Li , Rongpin Wang , Zaiyi Liu , Meiyun Wang , Hongna Tan , Yaping Wu , Xinfeng Liu , Hui Sun , Rui Yang , Xin Liu , Jie Chen , Huihui Zhou , Ismail Ben Ayed , Hairong Zheng

Performance metrics for medical image segmentation models are used to measure the agreement between the reference annotation and the predicted segmentation. Usually, overlap metrics, such as the Dice, are used as a metric to evaluate the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Sophie Ostmeier , Brian Axelrod , Jeroen Bertels , Fabian Isensee , Maarten G. Lansberg , Soren Christensen , Gregory W. Albers , Li-Jia Li , Jeremy J. Heit

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly improved medical screening accuracy, particularly in cancer detection and risk assessment. However, traditional classification metrics often fail to account for imbalanced data, varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Longfei Wei , Fang Sheng , Jianfei Zhang

Deep learning algorithms have accounted for the rapid acceleration of research in artificial intelligence in medical image analysis, interpretation, and segmentation with many potential applications across various sub disciplines in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-23 Shanaka Ramesh Gunasekara , HNTK Kaldera , Maheshi B. Dissanayake

Automated medical image segmentation is an essential task to aid/speed up diagnosis and treatment procedures in clinical practices. Deep convolutional neural networks have exhibited promising performance in accurate and automatic seminal…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 Reza Karimzadeh , Emad Fatemizadeh , Hossein Arabi

Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Zhengyong Huang , Sijuan Zou , Guoshuai Wang , Zixiang Chen , Hao Shen , Haiyan Wang , Na Zhang , Lu Zhang , Fan Yang , Haining Wangg , Dong Liang , Tianye Niu , Xiaohua Zhuc , Zhanli Hua

Computer-aided segmentation of brain tumors from MRI data is of crucial significance to clinical decision-making in diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up disease monitoring. Gliomas, owing to their high malignancy and heterogeneity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 MD Rashidul Islam , Bakary Gibba

The Dice score and Jaccard index are commonly used metrics for the evaluation of segmentation tasks in medical imaging. Convolutional neural networks trained for image segmentation tasks are usually optimized for (weighted) cross-entropy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Jeroen Bertels , Tom Eelbode , Maxim Berman , Dirk Vandermeulen , Frederik Maes , Raf Bisschops , Matthew Blaschko

Recent progress in automated PET/CT lesion segmentation using deep learning methods has demonstrated the feasibility of this task. However, tumor lesion detection and segmentation in whole-body PET/CT is still a chal-lenging task. To…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Satoshi Kondo , Satoshi Kasai

Segmentation has emerged as a fundamental field of computer vision and natural language processing, which assigns a label to every pixel/feature to extract regions of interest from an image/text. To evaluate the performance of segmentation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-14 Ben Dai , Chunlin Li

The Task Group 211 report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) reviewed static segmentation techniques in nuclear positronemission tomography (PET) imaging used in nuclear medicine. These methods, when applied to a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Philippe Laporte , Claire Cohalan , Jean-François Carrier