Related papers: Structure Determination in a new Type of Amorphous…
The double diffraction of white light can produce a thin-prism-like image in certain conditions by using ordinary diffraction gratings. The diffractive deviation of rays happens mainly in one direction because the diffracting elements are…
We present a detailed study of light propagation in waveguides with anisotropic metamaterial cores. We demonstrate that in contrast to conventional optical fibers, our structures support free-space-like propagating modes even when the…
The advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers promises the possibility to determine the structure of individual particles such as microcrystallites, viruses and biomolecules from single-shot diffraction snapshots obtained before the particle is…
Multi-component dark matter particles may have a more intricate direct detection signal than simple elastic scattering on nuclei. In a broad class of well-motivated models the inelastic excitation of dark matter particles is followed by…
We report new measurements and calculations of the non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) from Mg and Al for a wide range of momentum transfers, q. Extended oscillations in the dynamic structure factor S(q,w) due to scattering from…
Warm Dark Matter (WDM) models offer an attractive alternative to the current Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmological model. We present a novel method to differentiate between WDM and CDM cosmologies, namely using weak lensing; this provides a…
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden from most bulk metals, because metals are characterized by a net zero electric-field in equilibrium. This limit breaks down when reaching nanoscale dimensions, as have been shown for metallic…
We present a detailed study of the morphological features of 22 rich galaxy clusters. We systematically compare cluster images and morphological parameters in an attempt to reliably identify possible substructure in both optical and X-ray…
Complexions are phase-like interfacial features that can influence a wide variety of properties, but the ability to predict which material systems can sustain these features remains limited. Amorphous complexions are of particular interest…
Moving towards significantly smaller nanostructures, direct structuring techniques such as electron beam lithography approach fundamental limitations in feature size and aspect ratios. Application of nanostructures like diffractive X-ray…
We study coherent backscattering of a quasi-monochromatic laser by a dilute gas of cold two-level atoms. We consider the perturbative regime of weak intensities, where nonlinear effects arise from {\em inelastic} two-photon scattering…
We report on the detection of dark matter in the cluster of galaxies Abell~2163 using the weak gravitational distortion of background galaxies, and an analysis of the cluster X-ray emission. We find that while the qualitative distributions…
We have recorded the coherent diffraction images of individual xenon clusters with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to elucidate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the diffraction pattern. Using the FLASH free-electron…
While scattered light conveys most of the information we perceive, scattering may also distort that information before it reaches our detectors. The problem is acute in many applications, such as in high-resolution microscopy of biological…
The Milky Way nuclear star cluster (MWNSC) is a crucial laboratory for studying the galactic nuclei of other galaxies, but its properties have not been determined unambiguously until now. Aims. We aim to study the size and spatial structure…
Amorphous materials offer unique functional characteristics, which are often not observed in their crystalline counterparts. This makes them invaluable for many technological applications, such as diffusion barriers in semiconductor…
The recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor MoSi2N4 has aroused great interest due to its unique 2D material characteristics. In this Letter, we found that differences in the structural details for MoSi2N4 may lead to…
The generic properties of compact objects made of two different fluids of dark matter are studied in a scale invariant approach. We investigate compact objects with a core-shell structure, where the two fluids are separated, and with mixed…
Planar chiral structures possess a two dimensional handedness that is associated with broken mirror symmetry. Such motifs span vast length scales; examples include certain pinwheel molecules, nautilus shells, cyclone wind patterns and…
The extraordinary properties of nonlinear optical propagation processes in double-domain positive/negative index metamaterials are reviewed. These processes include second harmonic generation, three- and four-wave frequency mixing, and…