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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image classifiers are traditionally designed to have sequential convolutional layers with a single output layer. This is based on the assumption that all target classes should be treated equally and…

In many practical applications, deep neural networks have been typically deployed to operate as a black box predictor. Despite the high amount of work on interpretability and high demand on the reliability of these systems, they typically…

Lack of explainability in artificial intelligence, specifically deep neural networks, remains a bottleneck for implementing models in practice. Popular techniques such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) provide a…

Performing driving behaviors based on causal reasoning is essential to ensure driving safety. In this work, we investigated how state-of-the-art 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) perform on classifying driving behaviors based on…

Convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied to various NLP tasks. However, it is not obvious whether they model different linguistic patterns such as negation, intensification, and clause compositionality to help the…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the understanding of visual content. This is mainly due to their ability to break down an image into smaller pieces, extract multi-scale localized features and compose them to…

Traditional Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) methods primarily focus on uniform brightness adjustment, often neglecting instance-level semantic information and the inherent characteristics of different features. To address these…

Navigation and mobility are some of the major problems faced by visually impaired people in their daily lives. Advances in computer vision led to the proposal of some navigation systems. However, most of them require expensive and/or heavy…

Many large-scale applications can be elegantly represented using graph structures. Their scalability, however, is often limited by the domain knowledge required to apply them. To address this problem, we propose a novel Causal Temporal…

We propose a new interpretability method for neural networks, which is based on a novel mathematico-philosophical theory of reasons. Our method computes a vector for each neuron, called its reasons vector. We then can compute how strongly…

Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the internal mechanisms of convolutional neural networks, and the reason why the network makes specific decisions. In this paper, we develop a novel post-hoc visual explanation method called…

Convolutional networks are large linear systems divided into layers and connected by non-linear units. These units are the "articulations" that allow the network to adapt to the input. To understand how a network manages to solve a problem…

Scene parsing is an important and challenging prob- lem in computer vision. It requires labeling each pixel in an image with the category it belongs to. Tradition- ally, it has been approached with hand-engineered features from color…

Graph data is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the growing demand for relational insights in AI across various domains. Organizations regularly use graph data to solve complex problems involving relationships and connections. Causal…

Features play a crucial role in computer vision. Initially designed to detect salient elements by means of handcrafted algorithms, features are now often learned by different layers in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This paper…

In deep learning, visualization techniques extract the salient patterns exploited by deep networks for image classification, focusing on single images; no effort has been spent in investigating whether these patterns are systematically…

Deep neural networks have demonstrated superior performance in artificial intelligence applications, but the opaqueness of their inner working mechanism is one major drawback in their application. The prevailing unit-based interpretation is…

Synthetic Aperture Vector Flow Imaging (SA-VFI) can visualize complex cardiac and vascular blood flow patterns at high temporal resolution with a large field of view. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly used in image and video…

Sequential visual task usually requires to pay attention to its current interested object conditional on its previous observations. Different from popular soft attention mechanism, we propose a new attention framework by introducing a novel…

To have a better understanding and usage of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), the visualization and interpretation of CNNs has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In particular, several Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods…