English
Related papers

Related papers: Linear Spaces of Meanings: Compositional Structure…

200 papers

In this paper we present a deep learning architecture for extracting word embeddings for visual speech recognition. The embeddings summarize the information of the mouth region that is relevant to the problem of word recognition, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Themos Stafylakis , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating content across various modalities, such as images and text. However, their interpretability remains a challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Loris Giulivi , Giacomo Boracchi

This paper studies visual search using structured queries. The structure is in the form of a 2D composition that encodes the position and the category of the objects. The transformation of the position and the category of the objects leads…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Mert Kilickaya , Arnold W. M. Smeulders

The rapidly growing ecosystem of Large Language Models (LLMs) makes it increasingly challenging to manage and utilize the vast and dynamic pool of models effectively. We propose LOCUS, a method that produces low-dimensional vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shivam Patel , William Cocke , Gauri Joshi

In cognitive science and AI, a longstanding question is whether machines learn representations that align with those of the human mind. While current models show promise, it remains an open question whether this alignment is superficial or…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Craig Sanders , Billy Dickson , Sahaj Singh Maini , Robert Nosofsky , Zoran Tiganj

In this paper, we present Language Model as Visual Explainer LVX, a systematic approach for interpreting the internal workings of vision models using a tree-structured linguistic explanation, without the need for model training. Central to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Language models have emerged as a central component across NLP, and a great deal of progress depends on the ability to cheaply adapt them (e.g., through finetuning) to new domains and tasks. A language model's vocabulary$-$typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nikolaos Pappas , Phoebe Mulcaire , Noah A. Smith

Geometric relational embeddings map relational data as geometric objects that combine vector information suitable for machine learning and structured/relational information for structured/relational reasoning, typically in low dimensions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Bo Xiong , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Ming Jin , Yunjie He , Michael Cochez , Shirui Pan , Steffen Staab

Text--image retrieval is necessary for applications such as product recommendation. Embedding-based approaches like CLIP enable efficient large-scale retrieval via vector similarity search, but they are primarily trained on literal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Eric He , Akash Gupta , Adian Liusie , Vatsal Raina , Piotr Molenda , Shirom Chabra , Vyas Raina

Sentence embeddings are central to modern NLP and AI systems, yet little is known about their internal structure. While we can compare these embeddings using measures such as cosine similarity, the contributing features are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Matthieu Tehenan , Vikram Natarajan , Jonathan Michala , Milton Lin , Juri Opitz

Explainability is a longstanding challenge in deep learning, especially in high-stakes domains like healthcare. Common explainability methods highlight image regions that drive an AI model's decision. Humans, however, heavily rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Shobhit Agarwal , Yevgeniy R. Semenov , William Lotter

This paper connects a vector-based composition model to a formal semantics, the Dependency-based Compositional Semantics (DCS). We show theoretical evidence that the vector compositions in our model conform to the logic of DCS.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Ran Tian , Naoaki Okazaki , Kentaro Inui

Contextual word embeddings obtained from pre-trained language model (PLM) have proven effective for various natural language processing tasks at the word level. However, interpreting the hidden aspects within embeddings, such as syntax and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nayoung Choi

Sequential word order is important when processing text. Currently, neural networks (NNs) address this by modeling word position using position embeddings. The problem is that position embeddings capture the position of individual words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Benyou Wang , Donghao Zhao , Christina Lioma , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang , Jakob Grue Simonsen

Large-scale neural network models combining text and images have made incredible progress in recent years. However, it remains an open question to what extent such models encode compositional representations of the concepts over which they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Martha Lewis , Nihal V. Nayak , Peilin Yu , Qinan Yu , Jack Merullo , Stephen H. Bach , Ellie Pavlick

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Maximilian Alber

Latent image representations arising from vision-language models have proved immensely useful for a variety of downstream tasks. However, their utility is limited by their entanglement with respect to different visual attributes. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 James Oldfield , Christos Tzelepis , Yannis Panagakis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Ioannis Patras

Neural network based models are a very powerful tool for creating word embeddings, the objective of these models is to group similar words together. These embeddings have been used as features to improve results in various applications such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-27 Salman Mahmood , Rami Al-Rfou , Klaus Mueller

Vision-Language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on multimodal tasks but often fail at systematic visual reasoning tasks, leading to inconsistent or illogical outputs. Neuro-symbolic methods promise to address this by inducing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antonia Wüst , Wolfgang Stammer , Hikaru Shindo , Lukas Helff , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Building meaningful representations of noun compounds is not trivial since many of them scarcely appear in the corpus. To that end, composition functions approximate the distributional representation of a noun compound by combining its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Vered Shwartz