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Backdoor attacks are rapidly emerging threats to deep neural networks (DNNs). In the backdoor attack scenario, attackers usually implant the backdoor into the target model by manipulating the training dataset or training process. Then, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Nan Zhong , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Recent studies have revealed that GNNs are highly susceptible to multiple adversarial attacks. Among these, graph backdoor attacks pose one of the most prominent threats, where attackers cause models to misclassify by learning the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hao Sui , Bing Chen , Jiale Zhang , Chengcheng Zhu , Di Wu , Qinghua Lu , Guodong Long

Intuitively, a backdoor attack against Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is to inject hidden malicious behaviors into DNNs such that the backdoor model behaves legitimately for benign inputs, yet invokes a predefined malicious behavior when its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shaofeng Li , Shiqing Ma , Minhui Xue , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao

Backdoor attacks in the traditional graph neural networks (GNNs) field are easily detectable due to the dilemma of confusing labels. To explore the backdoor vulnerability of GNNs and create a more stealthy backdoor attack method, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xiaogang Xing , Ming Xu , Yujing Bai , Dongdong Yang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance across tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification, but remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks that implant imperceptible triggers during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaobao Wang , Ruoxiao Sun , Yujun Zhang , Bingdao Feng , Dongxiao He , Luzhi Wang , Di Jin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results in tasks such as node classification and graph classification. However, recent studies reveal that GNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, posing a significant threat to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Zhiwei Zhang , Minhua Lin , Junjie Xu , Zongyu Wu , Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained popularity in numerous domains, yet they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks that can compromise their performance and ethical application. The detection of these attacks is crucial for maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

Backdoor attack intends to inject hidden backdoor into the deep neural networks (DNNs), such that the prediction of the infected model will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by the attacker-defined trigger, while it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Yiming Li , Tongqing Zhai , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have progressed rapidly during the past decade and have been deployed in various real-world applications. Meanwhile, DNN models have been shown to be vulnerable to security and privacy attacks. One such attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Xiaoyi Chen , Ahmed Salem , Dingfan Chen , Michael Backes , Shiqing Ma , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu , Yang Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great success in detecting intellectual property (IP) piracy and hardware Trojans (HTs). However, the machine learning community has demonstrated that GNNs are susceptible to data poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming commonplace in critical applications, making their susceptibility to backdoor (trojan) attacks a significant problem. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack detection pipeline, detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Akash Vartak , Khondoker Murad Hossain , Tim Oates

Backdoor attack intends to inject hidden backdoor into the deep neural networks (DNNs), such that the prediction of infected models will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by the attacker-defined trigger. Currently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Yiming Li , Tongqing Zhai , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their outstanding performance in handling graph-related tasks, such as social network analysis, protein design, and so on. Despite their widespread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiao Lin , Mingjie Li , Yisen Wang

Recent studies show that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against GNNs use fixed-pattern triggers and lack reasonable trigger constraints, overlooking individual graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xuewen Dong , Jiachen Li , Shujun Li , Zhichao You , Qiang Qu , Yaroslav Kholodov , Yulong Shen

Heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) have achieved strong performance in many real-world applications, yet targeted backdoor poisoning on heterogeneous graphs remains less studied. We consider backdoor attacks for heterogeneous node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Honglin Gao , Lan Zhao , Junhao Ren , Xiang Li , Gaoxi Xiao

Backdoor attacks pose a significant security risk to graph learning models. Backdoors can be embedded into the target model by inserting backdoor triggers into the training dataset, causing the model to make incorrect predictions when the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Zihan Guan , Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu

Semantic communication systems, which leverage Generative AI (GAI) to transmit semantic meaning rather than raw data, are poised to revolutionize modern communications. However, they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, a type of poisoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ziyang Wei , Yili Jiang , Jiaqi Huang , Fangtian Zhong , Sohan Gyawali

Recent researches demonstrate that Deep Neural Networks (DNN) models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The backdoored DNN model will behave maliciously when images containing backdoor triggers arrive. To date, existing backdoor attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingfu Xue , Shifeng Ni , Yinghao Wu , Yushu Zhang , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

Graph condensation has recently emerged as a prevalent technique to improve the training efficiency for graph neural networks (GNNs). It condenses a large graph into a small one such that a GNN trained on this small synthetic graph can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiahao Wu , Ning Lu , Zeiyu Dai , Kun Wang , Wenqi Fan , Shengcai Liu , Qing Li , Ke Tang

Clean-image backdoor attacks, which use only label manipulation in training datasets to compromise deep neural networks, pose a significant threat to security-critical applications. A critical flaw in existing methods is that the poison…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Binyan Xu , Fan Yang , Di Tang , Xilin Dai , Kehuan Zhang