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Through examples of coordinate and probability transformation between different distributions, the basic principle of normalizing flow is introduced in a simple and concise manner. From the perspective of the distribution of random variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hongjun Zhang

Normalizing flows are a powerful technique for obtaining reparameterizable samples from complex multimodal distributions. Unfortunately, current approaches are only available for the most basic geometries and fall short when the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-03 Luca Falorsi

Normalizing flows are objects used for modeling complicated probability density functions, and have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Many flexible families of normalizing flows have been developed. However, the focus to date…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Tin Lok James Ng , Andrew Zammit-Mangion

This study focuses on the novel application of a normalizing flow as a method of domain adaptation. Normalizing flows offer a way to transform data points between two different distributions. The present study investigates a method of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-05-16 Rowan Kelleher , Anselm Vossen

Sampling lattice field theories near criticality is severely hindered by critical slowing down, which makes standard Markov chain methods increasingly inefficient at large lattice volumes. We introduce a multiscale generative sampler,…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-04-14 A. Singha , J. Kauffmann , E. Cellini , K. Jansen , S. Nakajima

Bayesian deep learning counts on the quality of posterior distribution estimation. However, the posterior of deep neural networks is highly multi-modal in nature, with local modes exhibiting varying generalization performance. Given a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

We present a computational framework for efficient learning, sampling, and distribution of general Bayesian posterior distributions. The framework leverages a machine learning approach for the construction of normalizing flows for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Yukari Yamauchi , Landon Buskirk , Pablo Giuliani , Kyle Godbey

Normalizing flows are flexible, parameterized distributions that can be used to approximate expectations from intractable distributions via importance sampling. However, current flow-based approaches are limited on challenging targets where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Laurence Illing Midgley , Vincent Stimper , Gregor N. C. Simm , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Normalizing flows are a class of machine learning models used to construct a complex distribution through a bijective mapping of a simple base distribution. We demonstrate that normalizing flows are particularly well suited as a Monte Carlo…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Jack Brady , Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt

We propose a unifying approach that starts from the perturbative construction of trivializing maps by L\"uscher and then improves on it by learning. The resulting continuous normalizing flow model can be implemented using common tools of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-03-29 Simone Bacchio , Pan Kessel , Stefan Schaefer , Lorenz Vaitl

This paper presents a neural network filter method based on contraction operators to address model collapse in recursive training of generative models. Unlike \cite{xu2024probabilistic}, which requires superlinear sample growth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zongjian Han , Yiran Liang , Ruiwen Wang , Yiwei Luo , Yilin Huang , Xiaotong Song , Dongqing Wei

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

We propose an algorithm for taming Normalizing Flow models - changing the probability that the model will produce a specific image or image category. We focus on Normalizing Flows because they can calculate the exact generation probability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Shimon Malnick , Shai Avidan , Ohad Fried

Normalizing flows are constructed from a base distribution with a known density and a diffeomorphism with a tractable Jacobian. The base density of a normalizing flow can be parameterised by a different normalizing flow, thus allowing maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Samuel Klein , John Andrew Raine , Tobias Golling

Flow-based architectures have recently proved to be an efficient tool for numerical simulations of Effective String Theories regularized on the lattice that otherwise cannot be efficiently sampled by standard Monte Carlo methods. In this…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-02-18 Michele Caselle , Elia Cellini , Alessandro Nada

Normalizing Flows explicitly maximize a full-dimensional likelihood on the training data. However, real data is typically only supported on a lower-dimensional manifold leading the model to expend significant compute on modeling noise.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Peter Sorrenson , Felix Draxler , Armand Rousselot , Sander Hummerich , Lea Zimmermann , Ullrich Köthe

Trained lattice samplers are usually judged by the ensembles they generate. Here we instead analyze the trained field-space function itself: a flow-matching velocity, a diffusion score, or a normalizing-flow action residual. We project…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-05-13 Moxian Qian

Simulating transition dynamics between metastable states is a fundamental challenge in dynamical systems and stochastic processes with wide real-world applications in understanding protein folding, chemical reactions and neural activities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Haibo Wang , Yuxuan Qiu , Yanze Wang , Rob Brekelmans , Yuanqi Du

Based on the manifold hypothesis, real-world data often lie on a low-dimensional manifold, while normalizing flows as a likelihood-based generative model are incapable of finding this manifold due to their structural constraints. So, one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Mohammad Mahdi Mehmanchi , Reshad Hosseini , Mostafa Tavassolipour

We discuss the application of normalizing flows to bosonic lattice field theories with real-time sign problems. A normalizing flow, once it is found for such a lattice field theory, is guaranteed to solve its sign problem. We argue for the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2022-01-03 Yukari Yamauchi , Scott Lawrence
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