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Current legal frameworks enforce that Android developers accurately report the data their apps collect. However, large codebases can make this reporting challenging. This paper employs an empirical approach to understand developers'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Mugdha Khedkar , Michael Schlichtig , Mohamed Soliman , Eric Bodden

Large-scale collection of human behavioral data by companies raises serious privacy concerns. We show that behavior captured in the form of application usage data collected from smartphones is highly unique even in very large datasets…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Vedran Sekara , Enys Mones , Håkan Jonsson

Privacy protection raises great attention on both legal levels and user awareness. To protect user privacy, countries enact laws and regulations requiring software privacy policies to regulate their behavior. However, privacy policies are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Kaifa Zhao , Le Yu , Shiyao Zhou , Jing Li , Xiapu Luo , Yat Fei Aemon Chiu , Yutong Liu

Fragmentation is a serious problem in the Android ecosystem. This problem is mainly caused by the fast evolution of the system itself and the various customizations independently maintained by different smartphone manufacturers. Many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Pei Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Haipeng Cai , Mattia Fazzini , John Grundy , Li Li

Android is designed with a number of built-in security features such as app sandboxing and permission-based access controls. Android supports multiple communication methods for apps to cooperate. This creates a security risk of app…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Jorge Blasco , Thomas M. Chen , Igor Muttik , Markus Roggenbach

Mini-programs, an emerging mobile application paradigm within super-apps, offer a seamless and installation-free experience. However, the adoption of the web-view component has disrupted their isolation mechanisms, exposing new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Miao Zhang , Shenao Wang , Guilin Zheng , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Privacy Policies are the legal documents that describe the practices that an organization or company has adopted in the handling of the personal data of its users. But as policies are a legal document, they are often written in extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Ayesha Qamar , Tehreem Javed , Mirza Omer Beg

Apple introduced privacy labels in Dec. 2020 as a way for developers to report the privacy behaviors of their apps. While Apple does not validate labels, they also require developers to provide a privacy policy, which offers an important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mir Masood Ali , David G. Balash , Monica Kodwani , Chris Kanich , Adam J. Aviv

With the rapid growth of mobile apps, users' concerns about their privacy have become increasingly prominent. Android app logs serve as crucial computer resources, aiding developers in debugging and monitoring the status of Android apps,…

Privacy policies have become the most critical approach to safeguarding individuals' privacy and digital security. To enhance their presentation and readability, researchers propose the concept of contextual privacy policies (CPPs), aiming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shidong Pan , Zhen Tao , Thong Hoang , Dawen Zhang , Zhenchang Xing , Xiwei Xu , Mark Staples , David Lo

Data protection law, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), usually requires a privacy policy before data can be collected from individuals. We analysed 15,145 privacy policies from 26,910 mobile apps in May 2019 (about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Konrad Kollnig

Human values are an important aspect of life and should be supported in ubiquitous technologies such as mobile applications (apps). There has been a lot of focus on fixing certain kinds of violation of human values, especially privacy,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Conghui Li , Humphrey O. Obie , Hourieh Khalajzadeh

Workflows are critical for scientific discovery. However, the sophistication, heterogeneity, and scale of workflows make building, testing, and optimizing them increasingly challenging. Furthermore, their complexity and heterogeneity make…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Ozgur Ozan Kilic , Tianle Wang , Matteo Turilli , Mikhail Titov , Andre Merzky , Line Pouchard , Shantenu Jha

A privacy policy is a document that states how a company intends to handle and manage their customers' personal data. One of the problems that arises with these privacy policies is that their content might violate data privacy regulations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Amin Rabinia , Zane Nygaard

As technology and technology companies have grown in power, ubiquity, and societal influence, some companies -- and notably some mobile apps -- have come to be perceived as privacy threats. Prior work has considered how various factors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jenny Tang , Hannah Shoemaker , Leah Teffera , Eleanor Birrell , Ada Lerner

Real-time, online-editing web apps provide free and convenient services for collaboratively editing, sharing and storing files. The benefits of these web applications do not come for free: not only do service providers have full access to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Yihao Hu , Ari Trachtenberg , Prakash Ishwar

Lack of experience, inadequate documentation, and sub-optimal API design frequently cause developers to make mistakes when re-using third-party implementations. Such API misuses can result in unintended behavior, performance losses, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sebastian Nielebock , Robert Heumüller , Kevin Michael Schott , Frank Ortmeier

Lengthy and legally phrased privacy policies impede users' understanding of how mobile applications collect and process personal data. Prior work proposed Contextual Privacy Policies (CPPs) for mobile apps to display shorter policy snippets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haochen Gong , Zhen Tao , Shidong Pan , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Mobile messaging apps are a fundamental communication infrastructure, used by billions of people every day to share information, including sensitive data. Security and Privacy are thus critical concerns for such applications. Although the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ioannis Karyotakis , Foivos Timotheos Proestakis , Evangelos Talos , Diomidis Spinellis , Nikolaos Alexopoulos

Reliability is key to realizing the promise of autonomous UI-Agents, multimodal agents that directly interact with apps in the same manner as humans, as users must be able to trust an agent to complete a given task. Current evaluations rely…