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Nowadays, developers increasingly rely on solutions powered by Large Language Models (LLM) to assist them with their coding tasks. This makes it crucial to align these tools with human values to prevent malicious misuse. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Ali Al-Kaswan , Sebastian Deatc , Begüm Koç , Arie van Deursen , Maliheh Izadi

We assess how the code reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) generalize to different kinds of programs. We present techniques for obtaining in- and out-of-distribution programs with different characteristics: code sampled from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Rem Yang , Julian Dai , Nikos Vasilakis , Martin Rinard

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as sentiment analysis, content generation, and personalized recommendations. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Jessica López Espejel , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are distinguished by their architecture, which dictates their parameter size and performance capabilities. Social scientists have increasingly adopted LLMs for text classification tasks, which are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marcello Carammia , Stefano Maria Iacus , Giuseppe Porro

LLMs have been found to memorize training textual sequences and regurgitate verbatim said sequences during text generation time. This fact is known to be the cause of privacy and related (e.g., copyright) problems. Unlearning in LLMs then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 George-Octavian Barbulescu , Peter Triantafillou

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has transformed research and practice across a wide range of domains. Within the computing education research (CER) domain, LLMs have garnered significant attention, particularly in the context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Charles Koutcheme , Nicola Dainese , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Syed Ashraf , Paul Denny

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) and in particular ChatGPT in programming, source code analysis, and code generation. LLMs and ChatGPT are built using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Ahmed R. Sadik , Antonello Ceravola , Frank Joublin , Jibesh Patra

This paper explores the risk that a large language model (LLM) trained for code generation on data mined from software repositories will generate content that discloses sensitive information included in its training data. We decompose this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rafiqul Rabin , Sean McGregor , Nick Judd

The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating code generation, offering immense potential to enhance programmer productivity. However, their non-deterministic nature and reliance on user input necessitate a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Bruno Pereira Cipriano , Lúcio Studer Ferreira

Questions of fair use of copyright-protected content to train Large Language Models (LLMs) are being actively debated. Document-level inference has been proposed as a new task: inferring from black-box access to the trained model whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Matthieu Meeus , Igor Shilov , Manuel Faysse , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova

Large language models (LLMs) may memorize sensitive or copyrighted content, raising privacy and legal concerns. Due to the high cost of retraining from scratch, researchers attempt to employ machine unlearning to remove specific content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xiaojian Yuan , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Min Lin

Advances in natural language processing have resulted in large language models (LLMs) that are capable of generating understandable and sensible written text. Recent versions of these models, such as OpenAI Codex and GPT-3, can generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Stephen MacNeil , Andrew Tran , Arto Hellas , Joanne Kim , Sami Sarsa , Paul Denny , Seth Bernstein , Juho Leinonen

The majority of software developers use or are planning to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in their development processes. Their top reasons include improving productivity and faster learning. In fact, Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Srivathsan G Morkonda , Mahmoud Selim , Hala Assal

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced natural language processing, driving significant breakthroughs in tasks such as text generation, machine translation, and domain-specific reasoning. The field now faces a critical dilemma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiya Manchanda , Laura Boettcher , Matheus Westphalen , Jasser Jasser

Intelligent or generative writing tools rely on large language models that recognize, summarize, translate, and predict content. This position paper probes the copyright interests of open data sets used to train large language models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Madiha Zahrah Choksi , David Goedicke

Large Language Models (LLMs), now a foundation in advancing natural language processing, power applications such as text generation, machine translation, and conversational systems. Despite their transformative potential, these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Jinhe Su , Yuanhui Yu , Li Shen , Fan Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been widely used for code generation. Due to the complexity and opacity of LLMs, little is known about how these models generate code. We made the first attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Bonan Kou , Shengmai Chen , Zhijie Wang , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang