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Despite advances in the multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), their performance varies substantially across different languages and tasks. In multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based systems, knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aman Gupta , Yingying Zhuang , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Anurag Beniwal

Code-mixed languages, characterized by frequent within-sentence language transitions, present structural challenges that standard language models fail to address. In this work, we propose CMLFormer, an enhanced multi-layer dual-decoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Aditeya Baral , Allen George Ajith , Roshan Nayak , Mrityunjay Abhijeet Bhanja

Background Based Conversations (BBCs) have been introduced to help conversational systems avoid generating overly generic responses. In a BBC, the conversation is grounded in a knowledge source. A key challenge in BBCs is Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Christof Monz , Jun Ma , Maarten de Rijke

Story generation, namely generating a reasonable story from a leading context, is an important but challenging task. In spite of the success in modeling fluency and local coherence, existing neural language generation models (e.g., GPT-2)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Jian Guan , Fei Huang , Zhihao Zhao , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Generating commonsense assertions within a given story context remains a difficult task for modern language models. Previous research has addressed this problem by aligning commonsense inferences with stories and training language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Pedro Colon-Hernandez , Nanxi Liu , Chelsea Joe , Peter Chin , Claire Yin , Henry Lieberman , Yida Xin , Cynthia Breazeal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

The visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task is to choose an answer and provide a justifying rationale based on the given image and textural question. Representative works first recognize objects in images and then associate them with key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jian Zhu , Hanli Wang , Miaojing Shi

State-of-the-art multilingual machine translation relies on a universal encoder-decoder, which requires retraining the entire system to add new languages. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach that is based on language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Carlos Escolano , Marta R. Costa-jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa , Mikel Artetxe

Chain-of-thought (CoT) has emerged as a critical mechanism for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs), with self-consistency demonstrating notable promise in boosting performance. However, inherent linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zhiwei Yu , Tuo Li , Changhong Wang , Hui Chen , Lang Zhou

In order to facilitate natural language understanding, the key is to engage commonsense or background knowledge. However, how to engage commonsense effectively in question answering systems is still under exploration in both research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Qianglong Chen , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Yin Zhang

Event commonsense reasoning requires the ability to reason about the relationship between events, as well as infer implicit context underlying that relationship. However, data scarcity makes it challenging for language models to learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tianqing Fang , Zeming Chen , Yangqiu Song , Antoine Bosselut

It is very challenging to curate a dataset for language-specific knowledge and common sense in order to evaluate natural language understanding capabilities of language models. Due to the limitation in the availability of annotators, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Commonsense plausibility estimation is critical for evaluating language models (LMs), yet existing generative approaches--reliant on likelihoods or verbalized judgments--struggle with fine-grained discrimination. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wanqing Cui , Wei Huang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Commonsense Knowledge Base (CSKB) Population aims at reasoning over unseen entities and assertions on CSKBs, and is an important yet hard commonsense reasoning task. One challenge is that it requires out-of-domain generalization ability as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Tianqing Fang , Quyet V. Do , Hongming Zhang , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Y. Wong , Simon See

Encoder, decoder and knowledge base are three major components for semantic communication. Recent advances have achieved significant progress in the encoder-decoder design. However, there remains a considerable gap in the construction and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhiyuan Xi , Kun Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Tong Zhang

Existing zero-shot cross-lingual transfer methods rely on parallel corpora or bilingual dictionaries, which are expensive and impractical for low-resource languages. To disengage from these dependencies, researchers have explored training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Kunbo Ding , Weijie Liu , Yuejian Fang , Weiquan Mao , Zhe Zhao , Tao Zhu , Haoyan Liu , Rong Tian , Yiren Chen

Multilingual large-scale Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have been shown to store considerable amounts of factual knowledge, but large variations are observed across languages. With the ultimate goal of ensuring that users with different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jirui Qi , Raquel Fernández , Arianna Bisazza

Recent large language models (LLMs) demonstrate multilingual abilities, yet they are English-centric due to dominance of English in training corpora. The limited resource for low-resource languages remains a crucial challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Seoyeon Kim , Huiseo Kim , Chanjun Park , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

Pretrained multilingual language models (LMs) can be successfully transformed into multilingual sentence encoders (SEs; e.g., LaBSE, xMPNet) via additional fine-tuning or model distillation with parallel data. However, it remains unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš , Fangyu Liu , Nigel Collier , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Anna Korhonen