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Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

Social norms serve as an important mechanism to regulate the behaviors of agents and to facilitate coordination among them in multiagent systems. One important research question is how a norm can rapidly emerge through repeated local…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Tianpei Yang , Jianye Hao , Zhaopeng Meng , Sandip Sen , Sheng Jin

We consider the problem of multiple agents sensing and acting in environments with the goal of maximising their shared utility. In these environments, agents must learn communication protocols in order to share information that is needed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Jakob N. Foerster , Yannis M. Assael , Nando de Freitas , Shimon Whiteson

Developing decision-making algorithms for highly automated driving systems remains challenging, since these systems have to operate safely in an open and complex environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches can learn comprehensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 M. Youssef Abdelhamid , Lennart Vater , Zlatan Ajanovic

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

According to cognitive psychology and related disciplines, the development of complex problem-solving behaviour in biological agents depends on hierarchical cognitive mechanisms. Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Manfred Eppe , Christian Gumbsch , Matthias Kerzel , Phuong D. H. Nguyen , Martin V. Butz , Stefan Wermter

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) solves complex tasks that require coordination from multiple agents, but is often limited to either local (independent learning) or global (centralized learning) perspectives. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 David Eckel , Henri Meeß

In this paper, we explore using deep reinforcement learning for problems with multiple agents. Most existing methods for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning consider only a small number of agents. When the number of agents increases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Arbaaz Khan , Clark Zhang , Daniel D. Lee , Vijay Kumar , Alejandro Ribeiro

This paper introduces a novel data-driven hierarchical control scheme for managing a fleet of nonlinear, capacity-constrained autonomous agents in an iterative environment. We propose a control framework consisting of a high-level dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Charlott Vallon , Alessandro Pinto , Bartolomeo Stellato , Francesco Borrelli

Intelligent agents need to select long sequences of actions to solve complex tasks. While humans easily break down tasks into subgoals and reach them through millions of muscle commands, current artificial intelligence is limited to tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Danijar Hafner , Kuang-Huei Lee , Ian Fischer , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

Legged locomotion is widespread in nature and has inspired the design of current robots. The controller of these legged robots is often realized as one centralized instance. However, in nature, control of movement happens in a hierarchical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 W. Zai El Amri , L. Hermes , M. Schilling

This paper presents a hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) approach to address the agent grouping or pairing problem in cooperative multi-agent systems. The goal is to simultaneously learn the optimal grouping and agent policy. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Liyuan Hu

Many tasks in artificial intelligence require the collaboration of multiple agents. We exam deep reinforcement learning for multi-agent domains. Recent research efforts often take the form of two seemingly conflicting perspectives, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Xiangyu Kong , Bo Xin , Fangchen Liu , Yizhou Wang

As AI technology advances, research in playing text-based games with agents has becomeprogressively popular. In this paper, a novel approach to agent design and agent learning ispresented with the context of reinforcement learning. A model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haonan Wang , Mingjia Zhao , Junfeng Sun , Wei Liu

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) is a promising approach to extend traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods to solve more complex tasks. Yet, the majority of current HRL methods require careful task-specific design and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Ofir Nachum , Shixiang Gu , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine

Deep reinforcement learning has been applied successfully to solve various real-world problems and the number of its applications in the multi-agent settings has been increasing. Multi-agent learning distinctly poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

We propose a novel Reinforcement Learning model for discrete environments, which is inherently interpretable and supports the discovery of deep subgoal hierarchies. In the model, an agent learns information about environment in the form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Alexander Demin , Denis Ponomaryov

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla