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Random-effects meta-analyses have been widely applied in evidence synthesis for various types of medical studies. However, standard inference methods (e.g. restricted maximum likelihood estimation) usually underestimate statistical errors…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-13 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Hisashi Noma

Joint modelling of longitudinal observations and event times continues to remain a topic of considerable interest in biomedical research. For example, in HIV studies, the longitudinal bio-marker such as CD4 cell count in a patient's blood…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-19 Srimanti Dutta , Arindom Chakraborty , Dipankar Bandyopadhyay

Cohort studies employ pairwise measures of association to quantify dependencies among conditions and exposures. To reliably use these measures to draw conclusions about the underlying association strengths requires that the measures be…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-30 Venkateshan Kannan , Kristina Alexandersson , Jesper Tegner

This work studies the distributionally robust evaluation of expected values over temporal data. A set of alternative measures is characterized by the causal optimal transport. We prove the strong duality and recast the causality constraint…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-18 Bingyan Han

In the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data, which includes a covariate that varies both between and within clusters (e.g. time-varying covariate in longitudinal data), a Hausman pretest is commonly used to decide whether subsequent…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-15 Paul Kabaila , Rheanna Mainzer , Davide Farchione

In this paper, by proposing two new kinds of distributional uncertainty sets, we explore robustness of distortion risk measures against distributional uncertainty. To be precise, we first consider a distributional uncertainty set which is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-15 Xiangyu Han , Yijun Hu , Ran Wang , Linxiao Wei

This paper presents a unified approach based on Wasserstein distance to derive concentration bounds for empirical estimates for two broad classes of risk measures defined in the paper. The classes of risk measures introduced include as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Prashanth L. A. , Sanjay P. Bhat

A typical problem in causal modeling is the instability of model structure learning, i.e., small changes in finite data can result in completely different optimal models. The present work introduces a novel causal modeling algorithm for…

Existing metrics in competing risks survival analysis such as concordance and accuracy do not evaluate a model's ability to jointly predict the event type and the event time. To address these limitations, we propose a new metric, which we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-20 Kartik Ahuja , Mihaela van der Schaar

We propose a general approach to construct weighted likelihood estimating equations with the aim of obtaining robust parameter estimates. We modify the standard likelihood equations by incorporating a weight that reflects the statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Claudio Agostinelli , Ayanendranath Basu , Giulia Bertagnolli , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Collapsibility deals with the conditions under which a conditional (on a covariate W) measure of association between two random variables X and Y equals the marginal measure of association, under the assumption of homogeneity over the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-30 P. Vellaisamy

The processes of the averaged regression quantiles and of their modifications provide useful tools in the regression models when the covariates are not fully under our control. As an application we mention the probabilistic risk assessment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-19 Jana Jurečková , Martin Schindler , Jan Picek

In this paper, we introduce the rich classes of conditional distortion (CoD) risk measures and distortion risk contribution ($\Delta$CoD) measures as measures of systemic risk and analyze their properties and representations. The classes…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-01-29 Jan Dhaene , Roger J. A. Laeven , Yiying Zhang

Distributional reinforcement learning (RL) -- in which agents learn about all the possible long-term consequences of their actions, and not just the expected value -- is of great recent interest. One of the most important affordances of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Chris Gagne , Peter Dayan

Different approaches to defining dynamic market risk measures are available in the literature. Most are focused or derived from probability theory, economic behavior or dynamic programming. Here, we propose an approach to define and…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2013-06-25 Babacar Seck , Robert J. Elliott , Jean-Pierre Gueyie

We study the multiplicative hazards model with intermittently observed longitudinal covariates and time-varying coefficients. For such models, the existing ad hoc approach, such as the last value carried forward, is biased. We propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-13 Zhuowei Sun , Hongyuan Cao

Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods perform poorly when applied to few studies only. Such settings however are commonly encountered in practice. It is unclear, whether or to what extent small-sample-size behaviour can be improved…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-15 Svenja E. Seide , Christian Röver , Tim Friede

Hazard ratios are often used to evaluate time to event outcomes, but they may be hard to interpret. A particular issue arise because hazards are typically estimated conditional on survival, i.e.\ on left truncated samples. Then, hazard…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-23 Mats Julius Stensrud

Traditionally regression analysis answers questions about the relationships among variables based on the assumption that the observation values of variables are precise numbers. It has long been dominated by least squares techniques, mostly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Zhe Liu

Uncertainty is prevalent in engineering design, data-driven problems, and decision making broadly. Due to inherent risk-averseness and ambiguity about assumptions, it is common to address uncertainty by formulating and solving conservative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Johannes O. Royset