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Many quantum states arising in algorithms and physical systems occupy only a small, structured subset of the exponentially large Hilbert space, yet standard quantum state tomography fails to exploit this structure. We present an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Chi-Kwong Li , Kevin Yipu Wu , Zherui Zhang

Tomographic reconstruction of the many-body quantum state of a scalable qubit system is of paramount importance in quantum computing technologies. However, conventional approaches which use tomographically orthogonal base measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Kangheun Kim , Jaewook Ahn

We investigate the capabilities of loss-tolerant quantum state characterization using a photon-number resolving, time-multiplexed detector (TMD). We employ the idea of probing the Wigner function point-by-point in phase space via photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 K Laiho , M Avenhaus , K N Cassemiro , Ch Silberhorn

We present \texttt{lcg\_plus}, an open-source Python library for the simulation of continuous-variable quantum circuits with both generaldyne and photon-number-resolving detector capabilities. Our framework merges the linear combination of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Olga Solodovnikova , Ulrik L. Andersen , Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen

The quantum crystal of electrons, predicted more than eighty years ago by Eugene Wigner, is still one of the most elusive states of matter. Here, we present experiments that observe the one-dimensional Wigner crystal directly, by imaging…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Ilanit Shapir , Assaf Hamo , Sharon Pecker , Catalin Pascu Moca , Örs Legeza , Gergely Zarand , Shahal Ilani

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a fundamental task in quantum information science that aims to reconstruct unknown quantum states from measurement data. However, the exponential growth of Hilbert-space dimension with system size makes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Quantum computing has the potential to reduce the computational cost required for quantum dynamics simulations. However, existing quantum algorithms for coupled electron-nuclear dynamics simulation either require fault-tolerant devices, or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Jong-Kwon Ha , Ryan J. MacDonell

Reliable generation and measurement of triphoton states has yet to be achieved in laboratory. We give an overview of the problems in generating and measuring triphoton quantum states and analyze several protocols of quantum measurements,…

The invention of scanning probe microscopy has revolutionized the way electronic phenomena are visualized. While present-day probes can access a variety of electronic properties at a single location in space, a scanning microscope that can…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Alon Inbar , John Birkbeck , Jiewen Xiao , Takashi Taniguchi , Kenji Watanabe , Binghai Yan , Yuval Oreg , Ady Stern , Erez Berg , Shahal Ilani

In contrast to the standard quantum state tomography, the direct tomography seeks the direct access to the complex values of the wave function at particular positions (i.e., the expansion coefficient in a fixed basis). Originally put…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-18 Xuan-Hoai Thi Nguyen , Mahn-Soo Choi

We discuss quantum state tomography via a stepwise reconstruction of the eigenstates of the mixed states produced in experiments. Our method is tailored to the experimentally relevant class of nearly pure states or simple mixed states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Abhijeet Melkani , Clemens Gneiting , Franco Nori

Quantum engineering now allows to design and construct multi-qubit states in a range of physical systems. These states are typically quite complex in nature, with disparate, but relevant properties that include both single and multi-qubit…

In this article we propose a new approach to quantum measurement in reference to the stroboscopic tomography. Generally, in the stroboscopic approach it is assumed that the information about the quantum system is encoded in the mean values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Artur Czerwiński

Reconstructing quantum states is an important task for various emerging quantum technologies. The process of reconstructing the density matrix of a quantum state is known as quantum state tomography. Conventionally, tomography of arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-17 Sanjib Ghosh , Andrzej Opala , Michał Matuszewski , Tomasz Paterek , Timothy C. H. Liew

A tomographic technique is introduced in order to determine the quantum state of the center of mass motion of neutrons. An experiment is proposed and numerically analyzed.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 G. Badurek , P. Facchi , Y. Hasegawa , Z. Hradil , S. Pascazio , H. Rauch , J. Rehacek , T. Yoneda

We present an algebraic algorithm for quantum state tomography that leverages measurements of certain observables to estimate structured entries of the underlying density matrix. Under low-rank assumptions, the remaining entries can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Shakir Showkat Sofi , Charlotte Vermeylen , Lieven De Lathauwer

Measurement is the only part of a general quantum system that has yet to be characterized experimentally in a complete manner. Detector tomography provides a procedure for doing just this; an arbitrary measurement device can be fully…

We perform quantum process tomography (QPT) for both discrete- and continuous-variable quantum systems by learning a process representation using Kraus operators. The Kraus form ensures that the reconstructed process is completely positive.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Shahnawaz Ahmed , Fernando Quijandría , Anton Frisk Kockum

In quantum mechanics, the Wigner function $\rho_W(\textbf{r},\textbf{p})$ serves as a phase-space representation, capturing information about both the position $\textbf{r}$ and momentum $\textbf{p}$ of a quantum system. The Wigner function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Reiko Yamada , Antoine Reserbat-Plantey , Eloy Piñol , Maciej Lewenstein

Precisely engineered mechanical oscillators keep time, filter signals, and sense motion, making them an indispensable part of today's technological landscape. These unique capabilities motivate bringing mechanical devices into the quantum…