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Eye-tracking data reveals valuable insights into users' cognitive states but is difficult to analyze due to its structured, non-linguistic nature. While large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning over text, they struggle with temporal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dongyang Guo , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkeleda Thaqi , Enkelejda Kasneci

Multilingual machine translation systems aim to make knowledge accessible across languages, yet learning effective cross-lingual representations remains challenging. These challenges are especially pronounced for low-resource languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 David Stap

Emotions are experienced and expressed differently across the world. In order to use Large Language Models (LMs) for multilingual tasks that require emotional sensitivity, LMs must reflect this cultural variation in emotion. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shreya Havaldar , Sunny Rai , Bhumika Singhal , Langchen Liu , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar

While neural networks with attention mechanisms have achieved superior performance on many natural language processing tasks, it remains unclear to which extent learned attention resembles human visual attention. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ekta Sood , Simon Tannert , Diego Frassinelli , Andreas Bulling , Ngoc Thang Vu

The majority of research in computational psycholinguistics has concentrated on the processing of words. This study introduces innovative methods for computing sentence-level metrics using multilingual large language models. The metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

The impressive linguistic abilities of large language models (LLMs) have recommended them as models of human sentence processing, with some conjecturing a positive 'quality-power' relationship (Wilcox et al., 2023), in which language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi-Chien Lin , Hongao Zhu , William Schuler

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

When captioning an image, people describe objects in diverse ways, such as by using different terms and/or including details that are perceptually noteworthy to them. Descriptions can be especially unique across languages and cultures.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Kyle Buettner , Jacob T. Emmerson , Adriana Kovashka

Recent studies have demonstrated the overwhelming advantage of cross-lingual pre-trained models (PTMs), such as multilingual BERT and XLM, on cross-lingual NLP tasks. However, existing approaches essentially capture the co-occurrence among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Xiangpeng Wei , Rongxiang Weng , Yue Hu , Luxi Xing , Heng Yu , Weihua Luo

In this paper, we introduce ELECTRA-style tasks to cross-lingual language model pre-training. Specifically, we present two pre-training tasks, namely multilingual replaced token detection, and translation replaced token detection. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Zewen Chi , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Saksham Singhal , Payal Bajaj , Xia Song , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Furu Wei

Expressing universal semantics common to all languages is helpful in understanding the meanings of complex and culture-specific sentences. The research theme underlying this scenario focuses on learning universal representations across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ping Guo , Xiangpeng Wei , Yue Hu , Baosong Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Fei Huang , Jun Xie

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive multilingual capability, but their performance varies substantially across different languages. In this work, we introduce a simple yet effective method, called cross-lingual-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Haoyang Huang , Tianyi Tang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ting Song , Yan Xia , Furu Wei

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Structural probing work has found evidence for latent syntactic information in pre-trained language models. However, much of this analysis has focused on monolingual models, and analyses of multilingual models have employed correlational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aaron Mueller , Yu Xia , Tal Linzen

Transformer language models have shown remarkable ability in detecting when a word is anomalous in context, but likelihood scores offer no information about the cause of the anomaly. In this work, we use Gaussian models for density…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bai Li , Zining Zhu , Guillaume Thomas , Yang Xu , Frank Rudzicz

In this paper, we use the framework of neural machine translation to learn joint sentence representations across six very different languages. Our aim is that a representation which is independent of the language, is likely to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Holger Schwenk , Matthijs Douze

Cross-lingual semantic textual similarity systems estimate the degree of the meaning similarity between two sentences, each in a different language. State-of-the-art algorithms usually employ machine translation and combine vast amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Tomáš Brychcín

Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have led to the development of highly sophisticated language models for text generation. In parallel, neuroscience has increasingly employed these models to explore cognitive processes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Bruno Bianchi , Fermín Travi , Juan E. Kamienkowski

Hope speech language that fosters encouragement and optimism plays a vital role in promoting positive discourse online. However, its detection remains challenging, especially in multilingual and low-resource settings. This paper presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 T. O. Abiola , K. D. Abiodun , O. E. Olumide , O. O. Adebanji , O. Hiram Calvo , Grigori Sidorov

It is now established that modern neural language models can be successfully trained on multiple languages simultaneously without changes to the underlying architecture. But what kind of knowledge is really shared among languages within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Prajit Dhar , Arianna Bisazza