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Machine learning algorithms are extensively used to make increasingly more consequential decisions about people, so achieving optimal predictive performance can no longer be the only focus. A particularly important consideration is fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Giulio Morina , Viktoriia Oliinyk , Julian Waton , Ines Marusic , Konstantinos Georgatzis

Intersectionality is a framework that analyzes how interlocking systems of power and oppression affect individuals along overlapping dimensions including race, gender, sexual orientation, class, and disability. Intersectionality theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 James Foulds , Rashidul Islam , Kamrun Keya , Shimei Pan

In this work, we consider the problem of intersectional group fairness in the classification setting, where the objective is to learn discrimination-free models in the presence of several intersecting sensitive groups. First, we illustrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Gaurav Maheshwari , Aurélien Bellet , Pascal Denis , Mikaela Keller

Intersectionality is a critical framework that, through inquiry and praxis, allows us to examine how social inequalities persist through domains of structure and discipline. Given AI fairness' raison d'etre of "fairness", we argue that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Anaelia Ovalle , Arjun Subramonian , Vagrant Gautam , Gilbert Gee , Kai-Wei Chang

Discrimination in machine learning often arises along multiple dimensions (a.k.a. protected attributes); it is then desirable to ensure \emph{intersectional fairness} -- i.e., that no subgroup is discriminated against. It is known that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-27 Mathieu Molina , Patrick Loiseau

We propose definitions of fairness in machine learning and artificial intelligence systems that are informed by the framework of intersectionality, a critical lens arising from the Humanities literature which analyzes how interlocking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 James Foulds , Rashidul Islam , Kamrun Naher Keya , Shimei Pan

Machine Learning or Artificial Intelligence algorithms have gained considerable scrutiny in recent times owing to their propensity towards imitating and amplifying existing prejudices in society. This has led to a niche but growing body of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Avijit Ghosh , Lea Genuit , Mary Reagan

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning systems, especially in more decision-critical applications such as criminal sentencing and bank loans, has led to increased concerns about fairness implications. Algorithms and metrics have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Usman Gohar , Lu Cheng

We address the critical issue of biased algorithms and unfair rankings, which have permeated various sectors, including search engines, recommendation systems, and workforce management. These biases can lead to discriminatory outcomes in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Chiara Criscuolo , Davide Martinenghi , Giuseppe Piccirillo

A yet unmet challenge in algorithmic fairness is the problem of intersectionality, that is, achieving fairness across the intersection of multiple groups -- and verifying that such fairness has been attained. Because intersectional groups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Johannes Himmelreich , Arbie Hsu , Kristian Lum , Ellen Veomett

Fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) has become a growing concern due to discriminatory outcomes in AI-based decision-making systems. While various methods have been proposed to mitigate bias, most rely on complete demographic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Roland H. C. Yap , Wenbin Zhang

Reaching consensus on a commonly accepted definition of AI Fairness has long been a central challenge in AI ethics and governance. There is a broad spectrum of views across society on what the concept of fairness means and how it should…

The deployment of generative AI (GenAI) models raises significant fairness concerns, addressed in this paper through novel characterization and enforcement techniques specific to GenAI. Unlike standard AI performing specific tasks, GenAI's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Chih-Hong Cheng , Changshun Wu , Xingyu Zhao , Saddek Bensalem , Harald Ruess

As the real-world impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has been steadily growing, so too have these systems come under increasing scrutiny. In response, the study of AI fairness has rapidly developed into a rich field of research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Maarten Buyl , Tijl De Bie

Fairness in machine learning research is commonly framed in the context of classification tasks, leaving critical gaps in regression. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measure intersectional fairness in regression tasks, going…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Joe Germino , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V. Chawla

Ensuring fairness in AI systems is critical, especially in high-stakes domains such as lending, hiring, and healthcare. This urgency is reflected in emerging global regulations that mandate fairness assessments and independent bias audits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Varsha Ramineni , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

Naively trained AI models can be heavily biased. This can be particularly problematic when the biases involve legally or morally protected attributes such as ethnic background, age or gender. Existing solutions to this problem come at the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Nicholas Rosa , Tom Drummond , Mehrtash Harandi

Generative AI models have substantially improved the realism of synthetic media, yet their misuse through sophisticated DeepFakes poses significant risks. Despite recent advances in deepfake detection, fairness remains inadequately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aryana Hou , Li Lin , Justin Li , Shu Hu

AI risk assessment is the primary tool for identifying harms caused by AI systems. These include intersectional harms, which arise from the interaction between identity categories (e.g., class and skin tone) and which do not occur, or occur…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Edyta Bogucka , Sanja Šćepanović , Daniele Quercia

People's experiences of discrimination are often shaped by multiple intersecting factors, yet algorithmic fairness research rarely reflects this complexity. While intersectionality offers tools for understanding how forms of oppression…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Marie Mirsch , Laila Wegner , Jonas Strube , Carmen Leicht-Scholten
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