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The question about the appearance of time in the semiclassical limit of quantum gravity continues to be discussed in the literature. It is believed that a temporal Schrodinger equation for matter fields on the background of a classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 R. I. Ayala Oña , M. B. Kalmykov , D. P. Kislyakova , T. P. Shestakova

We start from classical Hamiltonian constraint of general relativity to obtain the Einstein-Hamiltonian-Jacobi equation. We obtain a time parameter prescription demanding that geometry itself determines the time, not the matter field, such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 S. Biswas , A. Shaw , B. Modak , D. Biswas

An approach to the quantization of gravity in the presence matter is examined which starts from the classical Einstein-Hilbert action and matter approximated by "point" particles minimally coupled to the metric. Upon quantization, the…

General Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Matej Pavšič

The Wheeler - DeWitt geometrodynamics, as the first attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity, faces certain challenges, including the problem of time and the interpretation of the wave function. In this paper, we present the extended…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 R. I. Ayala Oña , T. P. Shestakova

We compare two different approaches to the treatment of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and the introduction of time in quantum cosmology. One approach is based on the gauge-fixing procedure in theories with first-class constraints, while the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-30 Alexander Yu. Kamenshchik , Alessandro Tronconi , Tereza Vardanyan , Giovanni Venturi

The problem of the time is one of the open issues in the quantum gravity. This problem is particular problem in the canonical quantum gravity. Even in the loop gravity the problem of the time remain. Our work is concerning to the problem of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-11 Shintaro Sawayama

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation in quantum gravity is timeless in character. In order to discuss quantum to classical transition of the universe, one uses a time prescription in quantum gravity to obtain a time contained description starting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Biswas , A. Shaw , B. Modak

We develop the idea that, as a result of the arbitrariness of the factor ordering in Wheeler-DeWitt equation, gauge phases can not, in general, being completely removed from the wave functional in quantum gravity. The latter may be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-09 Jose-Luis Rosales

A detailed review is given of the semiclassical approximation to quantum gravity in the canonical framework. This includes in particular the derivation of the functional Schr\"odinger equation and a discussion of semiclassical time as well…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 C. Kiefer

General relativity in three spacetime dimensions is used to explore three approaches to the ``problem of time'' in quantum gravity: the internal Schr\"odinger approach with mean extrinsic curvature as a time variable, the Wheeler-DeWitt…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Carlip

The Wheeler -- DeWitt equation was proposed 50 years ago and until now it is the cornerstone of most approaches to quantization of gravity. One can find in the literature the opinion that the Wheeler -- DeWitt equation is even more…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-08 T. P. Shestakova

Canonical quantization applied to closed systems leads to static equations, the Wheeler-deWitt equation in Quantum Gravity and the time independent Schr\"odinger equation in Quantum Mechanics. How to restore time is the Problem of Time(s).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 M. Bauer , C. A. Aguillón

We apply a recent proposal for defining states and observables in quantum gravity to simple models. First, we consider a Klein-Gordon particle in an ex- ternal potential in Minkowski space and compare our proposal to the theory ob- tained…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 A. Higuchi , R. M. Wald

The wave-function in quantum gravity is supposed to obey the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation, however there is neither a satisfactory probability interpretation nor a successful solution to the problem of time in the WDW framework. To gain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-22 Ali Kaya

We develop a semiclassical approximation scheme for the constraint equations of supersymmetric canonical quantum gravity. This is achieved by a Born-Oppenheimer type of expansion, in analogy to the case of the usual Wheeler-DeWitt equation.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Claus Kiefer , Tobias Lueck , Paulo Moniz

The emergent semiclassical time approach to resolving the problem of time in quantum gravity involves heavy slow degrees of freedom providing via an approximately Hamilton-Jacobi equation an approximate timestandard with respect to which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Edward Anderson

Starting from a Born-Oppenheimer decomposition of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the quantum cosmology of the matter-gravity system, we have performed a Wigner-Weyl transformation and obtained equations involving a Wigner function for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-22 A. Y. Kamenshchik , A. Tronconi , G. Venturi

The equation for canonical gravity produced by Wheeler and DeWitt in the late 1960s still presents difficulties both in terms of its mathematical solution and its physical interpretation. One of these issues is, notoriously, the absence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-04 Marcello Rotondo

Starting from a re-analysis of previous work, we construct the proper low energy quantum field theory (QFT) limit of a full quantum gravity theory in the Born-Oppenheimer approach. We separate the gravitational sector into a classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-17 Giulia Maniccia , Giovanni Montani , Stefano Antonini

The problem of time is one of the most relevant open issues in canonical quantum gravity. Although there is a huge literature about this topic, a commonly accepted solution has not been found yet. Here, we focus on the semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Federico Di Gioia , Giulia Maniccia , Giovanni Montani , Jacopo Niedda
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