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Here the gravitational lensing in strong field limit of a Schwarzschild black hole with a solid deficit angle owing to global monopole within the context of the $f(R)$ gravity theory is investigated. We obtain the expressions of deflection…
Strong gravitational lensing has been a powerful probe of cosmological models and gravity. To date, constraints in either domain have been obtained separately. We propose a new methodology through which the cosmological model, specifically…
We study the gravitational lensing scenario where the lens is a spherically symmetric charged black hole (BH) surrounded by quintessence matter. The null geodesic equations in the curved background of the black hole are derived. The…
Both massless light ray and objects with nonzero mass experience trajectory bending in a gravitational field. In this work the bending of trajectories of massive objects in a Schwarzschild spacetime and the corresponding gravitational…
Compact objects with magnetic dipole are considered as gravitational lenses. The presence of strong magnetic field near the photon sphere can affect the trajectory of light. We compute the deflection angle near the photon sphere on the…
This paper investigates gravitational lensing effects in the presence of plasma in the strong deflection limit, which corresponds to light rays circling around a compact object and forming higher-order images. While previous studies of this…
A Simpson-Visser spacetime has two nonnegative parameters $a$ and $m$ and its metric is correspond with (i) a Schwarzschild metric for $a=0$ and $m\neq0$, (ii) a regular black hole metric for $a<2m$, (iii) a one-way traversable wormhole…
Time delays are a key observable in strong gravitational lensing systems. Their theoretical expression is usually written as a sum of a geometrical delay and a Shapiro delay, with cosmology entering through angular diameter distances and a…
Gravitational lenses are examined in de-Sitter (dS) background, for which the existence of the dS horizon is taken into account and hyperbolic trigonometry is used together with the hyperbolic angular diameter distance. Spherical…
We investigate strong gravitational lensing by a marginally unstable photon sphere in a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m naked singularity spacetime. Using the Picard-Fuchs equation, we derive full-order power series expressions for the deflection…
We derive angle differences between two null geodesics, propagating from light sources to an observer, on the de Sitter spacetime with multi-lensing objects. Assuming the lensing objects are mass monopoles on the de Sitter background, we…
After the work of Rindler and Ishak, it is now well established that the bending of light is influenced by the cosmological constant {\Lambda} appearing in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. We show that their method, when applied to…
We calculate the deflection angle of light from a distant source by a galaxy cluster in Weyl's conformal gravity. The general method of calculation is first applied to calculate the deflection angle in Schwarzschild-de Sitter (Kottler)…
We investigate in detail the weak-field gravitational lensing of a relativistic neutral massive particle induced by a regular black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole proposed by Simpson and Visser. Starting with the calculation of the…
Starting from the revelation of the nature of inertial forces, this article discusses the subdivision of the basic physical concept of space-time and raises questions about the metric of standard cosmology. A new form of particle dynamics…
We study the path of light rays passing near a massive object, in the context of the scale invariant equation of the geodesics first obtained by Dirac (1973). Using the exterior Schwarzschild solution for the metric, we derive the complete…
We consider the bending angle of the trajectory of a photon incident from and deflected to infinity around a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. We treat the bending angle as a function of the squared reciprocal of the impact parameter and the…
In this paper we discuss a new method which can be used to obtain arbitrarily accurate analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light propagating in a given metric. Our method works by mapping the integral into a rapidly…
In this paper we study the gravitational lensing effect for the Schwarzschild solution with holonomy corrections. We use two types of approximation methods to calculate the deflection angle, namely the weak and strong field limits. For the…
Gravitational lensing is the phenomenon arising when light rays are deflected by the mass between the source and the observer. Largely magnified and highly distorted images of background galaxies are formed by these angular deflections if…