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Molecular conformer generation is a fundamental task in computational chemistry. Several machine learning approaches have been developed, but none have outperformed state-of-the-art cheminformatics methods. We propose torsional diffusion, a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-02 Bowen Jing , Gabriele Corso , Jeffrey Chang , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Generating molecules that bind to specific proteins is an important but challenging task in drug discovery. Previous works usually generate atoms in an auto-regressive way, where element types and 3D coordinates of atoms are generated one…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-16 Haitao Lin , Yufei Huang , Odin Zhang , Siqi Ma , Meng Liu , Xuanjing Li , Lirong Wu , Jishui Wang , Tingjun Hou , Stan Z. Li

Diffusion-based generative models have reformed generative AI, and also enabled new capabilities in the science domain, e.g., fast generation of 3D structures of molecules. In such tasks, there is often a symmetry in the system, identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yixian Xu , Yusong Wang , Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Tianyu He , Di He , Chang Liu

Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

Discriminative classifiers have become a foundational tool in deep learning for medical imaging, excelling at learning separable features of complex data distributions. However, these models often need careful design, augmentation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gian Mario Favero , Parham Saremi , Emily Kaczmarek , Brennan Nichyporuk , Tal Arbel

Diffusion models are important in tissue engineering as they enable an understanding of molecular delivery to cells in tissue constructs. As three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs become larger, more intricate, and more clinically…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-12-22 Richard J. McMurtrey

Generative AI presents chemists with novel ideas for drug design and facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces. Diffusion models (DMs), an emerging tool, have recently attracted great attention in drug R\&D. This paper…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Peining Zhang , Daniel Baker , Minghu Song , Jinbo Bi

Diffusion models have emerged as a leading framework in generative modeling, poised to transform the traditionally slow and costly process of drug discovery. This review provides a systematic comparison of their application in designing two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yiquan Wang , Yahui Ma , Yuhan Chang , Jiayao Yan , Jialin Zhang , Minnuo Cai , Kai Wei

Diffusion models have emerged as the new state-of-the-art generative model with high quality samples, with intriguing properties such as mode coverage and high flexibility. They have also been shown to be effective inverse problem solvers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hyungjin Chung , Dohoon Ryu , Michael T. McCann , Marc L. Klasky , Jong Chul Ye

Spatial profiling technologies in biology, such as imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), generate high-dimensional, multi-channel data with strong spatial alignment and complex inter-channel relationships.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haoran Zhang , Mingyuan Zhou , Wesley Tansey

During developmental processes such as embryogenesis, how a group of cells fold into specific structures, is a central question in biology that defines how living organisms form. Establishing tissue-level morphology critically relies on how…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-23 Haiqian Yang , Anh Q. Nguyen , Dapeng Bi , Markus J. Buehler , Ming Guo

Molecular conformation generation, a critical aspect of computational chemistry, involves producing the three-dimensional conformer geometry for a given molecule. Generating molecular conformation via diffusion requires learning to reverse…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Zihan Zhou , Ruiying Liu , Chaolong Ying , Ruimao Zhang , Tianshu Yu

Recent advances in generative modeling, namely Diffusion models, have revolutionized generative modeling, enabling high-quality image generation tailored to user needs. This paper proposes a framework for the generative design of structural…

Molecular representation learning has shown great success in advancing AI-based drug discovery. The core of many recent works is based on the fact that the 3D geometric structure of molecules provides essential information about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jiying Zhang , Zijing Liu , Yu Wang , Yu Li

The ability to computationally generate novel yet physically foldable protein structures could lead to new biological discoveries and new treatments targeting yet incurable diseases. Despite recent advances in protein structure prediction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-28 Kevin E. Wu , Kevin K. Yang , Rianne van den Berg , James Y. Zou , Alex X. Lu , Ava P. Amini

Deep generative models learn the data distribution, which is concentrated on a low-dimensional manifold. The geometric analysis of distribution transformation provides a better understanding of data structure and enables a variety of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Junhao Chen , Manyi Li , Zherong Pan , Xifeng Gao , Changhe Tu

The paradigm shift toward structure-driven molecule generation has been propelled by advances in deep generative models, such as variational auto-encoders and diffusion models. However, these generative models for molecular design remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Peidong Liu , Wenbo Zhang , Wei Ju , Jiancheng Lv , Xianggen Liu

As one of the most popular and sought-after generative models in the recent years, diffusion models have sparked the interests of many researchers and steadily shown excellent advantage in various generative tasks such as image synthesis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zhiyuan Ma , Yuzhu Zhang , Guoli Jia , Liangliang Zhao , Yichao Ma , Mingjie Ma , Gaofeng Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Jianjun Li , Bowen Zhou

Deep learning is transforming many areas in science, and it has great potential in modeling molecular systems. However, unlike the mature deployment of deep learning in computer vision and natural language processing, its development in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-03-19 Jun Zhang , Yao-Kun Lei , Zhen Zhang , Junhan Chang , Maodong Li , Xu Han , Lijiang Yang , Yi Isaac Yang , Yi Qin Gao

The goal of structure-based drug discovery is to find small molecules that bind to a given target protein. Deep learning has been used to generate drug-like molecules with certain cheminformatic properties, but has not yet been applied to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-27 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes