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A significant barrier to deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs) on a massive scale is safety assurance. Several technical challenges arise due to the uncertain environment in which AVs operate such as road and weather conditions, errors in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Majid Khonji , Jorge Dias , Lakmal Seneviratne

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Perception sensors, particularly camera and Lidar, are key elements of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) that enable them to comprehend their surroundings to informed driving and control decisions. Therefore, developing realistic simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hamed Haghighi , Xiaomeng Wang , Hao Jing , Mehrdad Dianati

Recent visual autonomous perception systems achieve remarkable performances with deep representation learning. However, they fail in scenarios with challenging illumination.While event cameras can mitigate this problem, there is a lack of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jinghang Li , Shichao Li , Qing Lian , Peiliang Li , Xiaozhi Chen , Yi Zhou

The driving environment perception has a vital role for autonomous driving and nowadays has been actively explored for its realization. The research community and relevant stakeholders necessitate the development of Deep Learning (DL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jalal Khan , Manzoor Khan , Sherzod Turaev , Sumbal Malik , Hesham El-Sayed , Farman Ullah

Simulation-based testing is a promising approach to significantly reduce the validation effort of automated driving functions. Realistic models of environment perception sensors such as camera, radar and lidar play a key role in this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

We explore the potential of large-scale generative video models for autonomous driving, introducing an open-source auto-regressive video model (VaViM) and its companion video-action model (VaVAM) to investigate how video pre-training…

Camera sensor simulation serves as a critical role for autonomous driving (AD), e.g. evaluating vision-based AD algorithms. While existing approaches have leveraged generative models for controllable image/video generation, they remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wenchao Sun , Xuewu Lin , Keyu Chen , Zixiang Pei , Yining Shi , Chuang Zhang , Sifa Zheng

Personalized Visual Language Models (VLMs) are gaining increasing attention for their formidable ability in user-specific concepts aligned interactions (e.g., identifying a user's bike). Existing methods typically require the learning of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Huiyu Bai , Runze Wang , Zhuoyun Du , Yiyang Zhao , Fengji Zhang , Haoyu Chen , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xuejiao Zhao

One of the fundamental challenges in the design of perception systems for autonomous vehicles is validating the performance of each algorithm under a comprehensive variety of operating conditions. In the case of vision-based semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Wei Zhou , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Software engineering practices for validating autonomous cyber-physical systems (e.g., Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles) remain fragmented across scenario design, simulation execution, and telemetry analysis, limiting traceability between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ankit Agrawal , Jithin Garapati , Bohan Zhang

An easily moving and safe transportation is an indicator in any country in the world of economic growth and well-being. For the past 100 years, innovation within the automotive sector has brought major technological advances leading to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Raja Sattiraju , Pratip Chakraborty , Hans D. Schotten , Xiaohai Lin , Daniel Görges

Personalized driving refers to an autonomous vehicle's ability to adapt its driving behavior or control strategies to match individual users' preferences and driving styles while maintaining safety and comfort standards. However, existing…

With 5G deployment and the evolution toward 6G, mobile networks must make decisions in highly dynamic environments under strict latency, energy, and spectrum constraints. Achieving this goal, however, depends on prior knowledge of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Lei Li , Yanqing Xu , Ye Xue , Feng Yin , Chao Shen , Rui Zhang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Current autonomous vehicle (AV) simulators are built to provide large-scale testing required to prove capabilities under varied conditions in controlled, repeatable fashion. However, they have certain failings including the need for user…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Arpan Kusari , Pei Li , Hanzhi Yang , Nikhil Punshi , Mich Rasulis , Scott Bogard , David J. LeBlanc

With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

Advancements in autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies necessitate precise estimation of perceived risk to enhance user comfort, acceptance and trust. This paper introduces a novel AV-Occupant Risk (AVOR) model designed for perceived risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Sarah Barendswaard , Tong Duy Son

We propose a perception imitation method to simulate results of a certain perception model, and discuss a new heuristic route of autonomous driving simulator without data synthesis. The motivation is that original sensor data is not always…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Xiaoliang Ju , Yiyang Sun , Yiming Hao , Yikang Li , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have recently gained attention as a means to improve the interpretability and steerability of Large Language Models (LLMs), both of which are essential for AI safety. In this work, we extend the application of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mateusz Pach , Shyamgopal Karthik , Quentin Bouniot , Serge Belongie , Zeynep Akata

Driving World Models (DWMs) have become essential for autonomous driving by enabling future scene prediction. However, existing DWMs are limited to scene generation and fail to incorporate scene understanding, which involves interpreting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Xin Zhou , Dingkang Liang , Sifan Tu , Xiwu Chen , Yikang Ding , Dingyuan Zhang , Feiyang Tan , Hengshuang Zhao , Xiang Bai