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In general relativity, the description of spacetime relies on idealised rods and clocks, which identify a reference frame. In any concrete scenario, reference frames are associated to physical systems, which are ultimately quantum in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Flaminia Giacomini

Boundary conditions play a crucial role in the path-integral approach to quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, as well as in the current attempts to understand the one-loop semiclassical properties of quantum field theories. Within this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan G. Avramidi , Giampiero Esposito

We present a stochastic framework for emergent quantum gravity coupled to matter. The Hamiltonian constraint in diffeomorphism-invariant theories demands the identification of a clock relative to which dynamics may be defined, and other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-05 Joshua Erlich

Since their first introduction, Quantum Reference Frame (QRF) transformations have been extensively discussed, generalising the covariance of physical laws to the quantum domain. Despite important progress, a formulation of QRF…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Luca Apadula , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Časlav Brukner

One of the most basic notions in physics is the partitioning of a system into subsystems, and the study of correlations among its parts. In this work, we explore these notions in the context of quantum reference frame (QRF) covariance, in…

We consider the process of changing reference frames in the case where the reference frames are quantum systems. We find that, as part of this process, decoherence is necessarily induced on any quantum system described relative to these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-23 Matthew C. Palmer , Florian Girelli , Stephen D. Bartlett

In physics, every observation is made with respect to a frame of reference. Although reference frames are usually not considered as degrees of freedom, in all practical situations it is a physical system which constitutes a reference frame.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Flaminia Giacomini , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Časlav Brukner

Research during the last decade demonstrates that effects originating on the Planck scale are currently being tested in multiple observational contexts. In this review we discuss quantum gravity phenomenological models and their possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-14 Florian Girelli , Franz Hinterleitner , Seth A. Major

It is argued that the classical local inertial frame used to define rotational states of quantum systems is only approximate, and that geometry itself must also be rotationally quantized at the Planck scale. A Lorentz invariant statistical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-07 Craig Hogan

The quantum space-time model which accounts material Reference Frames (RF) quantum effects considered for flat space-time and ADM canonical gravity. As was shown by Aharonov for RF - free material object its c.m. nonrelativistic motion in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Mayburov

This paper presents a research program aimed at establishing relational foundations for relativistic quantum physics. Although the formalism is still under development, we believe it has matured enough to be shared with the broader…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Jan Głowacki

This introductory review is addressed to beginning researchers. Some of the distinguishing features of loop quantum gravity are illustrated through loop quantum cosmology of FRW models. In particular, these examples illustrate: i) how…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-11 Abhay Ashtekar

A generalized definition of a frame of reference in spaces with affine connections and metrics is proposed based on the set of the following differential-geometric objects: (a) a non-null (non-isotropic) vector field, (b) the orthogonal to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 S. Manoff

The coupling between internal degrees of freedom of quantum systems and their overall motion in an external gravitational field plays a central role in multiple extensions of Einstein's equivalence principle to quantum physics. While…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-04 Thomas B. Mieling

We consider a model of Quantum Gravity phenomenology, based on the idea that space-time may have some unknown granular structure that respects the Lorentz symmetry. The proposal involves non-trivial couplings of curvature to matter fields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-01-21 Y. Bonder

Boundaries and corners of spacetime play a vital role in understanding physical concepts including entanglement entropy, the infrared problem in QFT and quantum gravity. Standard local quantum field theory struggles to accommodate such…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Christopher J. Fewster , Daan W. Janssen , Kasia Rejzner

In canonical quantum gravity, the presence of spatial boundaries naturally leads to a boundary quantum states, representing quantum boundary conditions for the bulk fields. As a consequence, quantum states of the bulk geometry needs to be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-11 Qian Chen , Etera R. Livine

We investigate gravity as a gauge theory in the language of fiber bundles with tools from algebraic geometry. Compelled by the construction of the Eilenberg-MacLane classifying space via Fox derivations in an integral group ring, the origin…

General Physics · Physics 2016-01-22 Rafael A. Araya-Gochez

In this work we present a discussion of the existing links between the procedures of endowing the quantum gravity with a real time and of including in the theory a physical reference frame. More precisely, as first step, we develop the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Simone Mercuri , Giovanni Montani

The current theories of quantum physics and general relativity on their own do not allow us to study situations in which the gravitational source is quantum. Here, we propose a strategy to determine the dynamics of objects in the presence…