Related papers: Hadrons, Superconductor Vortices, and Cosmological…
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) claims that the major source of the nucleon invariant mass is not the Higgs mechanism but the trace anomaly in QCD energy momentum tensor. Although experimental and theoretical results support such conclusion, a…
The effect of the QCD scale anomaly on the internal pressure distribution of hadrons is studied based on the trace-traceless decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor. Using recent model-independent results of gravitational form factors…
The hadron mass can be obtained through the calculation of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in the hadron which includes the trace anomaly and sigma terms. The anomaly due to conformal symmetry breaking is believed to be an important…
Lattice results on sigma terms and global analysis of parton momentum fractions are used to give the quark and glue fractions of the proton mass and rest energy. The mass decomposition in terms of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor is…
The pressure-energy equations of state in the nucleon are derived from the gravitational form factors, which parameterize matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT), together with EMT conservation. There are two distinct components…
The trace anomaly of conformal matter implies the existence of massless scalar poles in physical amplitudes involving the stress-energy tensor. These poles may be described by a local effective action with massless scalar fields, which…
The trace anomaly and the cosmological constant problem are two typical breakdowns when applying the quantum principle to a general covariant or gravitational system. A quantum theory of spacetime reference frame is proposed and reviewed.…
Exact relations between the QCD thermal pressure and the trace anomaly are derived. These are used, first, to prove the equivalence of the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic pressure in equilibrium in the presence of the trace anomaly,…
Concerning the trace anomaly in field theory a nonvanishing vacuum energy breaks the scale symmetry as well, in addition to the usual beta function dependent term, requiring a unit operator in the trace anomaly. This additional term is also…
We present a model in which the breackdown of conformal symmetry of a quantum stress-tensor due to the trace anomaly is related to a cosmological effect in a gravitational model. This is done by characterizing the traceless part of the…
It is known that the trace anomaly in the QCD energy-momentum tensor $T^{\mu \nu}$ can be attributed to the anomalies for each of the gauge-invariant quark part and gluon part of $T^{\mu \nu}$, and their explicit three-loop formulas have…
It has been argued that the quantum (conformal) trace anomaly could potentially provide us with a dynamical explanation of the cosmological constant problem. In this paper, however, we show by means of a semiclassical analysis that the…
We study the infrared effective theory of gravity that stems from the quantum trace anomaly. Quantum fluctuations of the metric induce running of the cosmological constant and the Newton constant at cosmological scales. By imposing the…
A compact analytical scheme is presented for describing ultra-dense hadronic matter, which combines a multicomponent van der Waals (vdW)-type description with temperature-dependent effective degrees of freedom. Although the vdW formalism…
According to recent astrophysical observations the large scale mean pressure of our present universe is negative suggesting a positive cosmological constant like term. This article addresses the question of whether non-perturbative effects…
We briefly review the key aspect of the QCD instanton vacuum in relation to the quantum breaking of conformal symmetry and the trace anomaly. We use Ji$^\prime s$ invariant mass decomposition of the energy momentum tensor together with the…
In this work, under the framework of vector meson dominance model, the trace anomaly contribution value inside neutrons are extracted for the first time based on vector meson photoproduction data. Furthermore, we systematically compare and…
The low energy effective action of gravity in any even dimension generally acquires non-local terms associated with the trace anomaly, generated by the quantum fluctuations of massless fields. The local auxiliary field description of this…
Low-energy scattering processes of vector meson and nucleon are an important window for studying non-perturbative QCD. The interaction of vector meson with nucleon, vector meson-nucleon scattering length $|\alpha_{VN}|$, is an important…
We present a model in which the breackdown of conformal symmetry of a quantum stress-tensor due to the trace anomaly is related to a cosmological effect in a gravitational model. This is done by characterizing the traceless part of the…