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Given a sphere of any radius $r$ in an $n$-dimensional Euclidean space, we study the coverings of this sphere with solid spheres of radius one. Our goal is to design a covering of the lowest covering density, which defines the average…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Ilya Dumer

Let $S$ be a set of $n$ points in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. Assign to each $x\in S$ an arbitrary distance $r(x)>0$. Let $e_r(x,S)$ denote the number of points in $S$ at distance $r(x)$ from $x$. Avis, Erd\"os and Pach (1988)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-02 Konrad J. Swanepoel

Nearly orthogonal lattices were formally defined in [4], where their applications to image compression were also discussed. The idea of ``near orthogonality" in $2$-dimensions goes back to the work of Gauss. In this paper, we focus on…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Lenny Fukshansky , David Kogan

Determining the minimum density of a covering of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ by Euclidean unit balls as $n\to\infty$ is a major open problem, with the best known results being the lower bound of $\left(\mathrm{e}^{-3/2}+o(1)\right)n$ by Coxeter, Few…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Boris Bukh , Jun Gao , Xizhi Liu , Oleg Pikhurko , Shumin Sun

Sphere packings in high dimensions interest mathematicians and physicists and have direct applications in communications theory. Remarkably, no one has been able to provide exponential improvement on a 100-year-old lower bound on the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Torquato , F. H. Stillinger

In jammed packings, it is usually thought that local structure only plays a significant role in specific regimes. The standard deviation of the relative excess coordination, $\sigma_Z/ Z_\mathrm{c}$, decays like $1/\sqrt{d}$, so that local…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-14 Sean A. Ridout , Jason W. Rocks , Andrea J. Liu

In this paper, we study the problem of hyperball (hypersphere) packings in $n$-dimensional hyperbolic space ($n \ge 4$). We prove that to each $n$-dimensional congruent saturated hyperball packing, there is an algorithm to obtain a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Arnasli Yahya , Jenő Szirmai

We present filling as a new type of spatial subdivision problem that is related to covering and packing. Filling addresses the optimal placement of overlapping objects lying entirely inside an arbitrary shape so as to cover the most…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-08-29 Carolyn L. Phillips , Joshua A. Anderson , Elizabeth R. Chen , Sharon C. Glotzer

Let the kissing number $K(d)$ be the maximum number of non-overlapping unit balls in $\mathbb R^d$ that can touch a given unit ball. Determining or estimating the number $K(d)$ has a long history, with the value of $K(3)$ being the subject…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Irene Gil Fernández , Jaehoon Kim , Hong Liu , Oleg Pikhurko

We prove explicit stability estimates for the sphere packing problem in dimensions 8 and 24, showing that, in the lattice case, if a lattice is $\sim \varepsilon$ close to satisfying the optimal density, then it is, in a suitable sense,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-11 Károly J. Böröczky , Danylo Radchenko , João P. G. Ramos

Motivated by a recently identified severe discrepancy between a static and a dynamic theory of glasses, we numerically investigate the behavior of dense hard spheres in spatial dimensions 3 to 12. Our results are consistent with the static…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-10-28 Patrick Charbonneau , Atsushi Ikeda , Giorgio Parisi , Francesco Zamponi

The problem of finding the asymptotic behavior of the maximal density of sphere packings in high Euclidean dimensions is one of the most fascinating and challenging problems in discrete geometry. One century ago, Minkowski obtained a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Scardicchio , F. H. Stillinger , S. Torquato

The problem of finding the most efficient way to pack spheres has an illustrious history, dating back to the crystalline arrays conjectured by Kepler and the random geometries explored by Bernal in the 60's. This problem finds applications…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-09-15 Ping Wang , Chaoming Song , Yuliang Jin , Hernan A. Makse

This is the first in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

This is the second in a series of papers giving a proof of the Kepler conjecture, which asserts that the density of a packing of congruent spheres in three dimensions is never greater than $\pi/\sqrt{18}\approx 0.74048...$. This is the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Samuel P. Ferguson , Thomas C. Hales

In 1967, Moon and Moser proved a tight bound on the critical density of squares in squares: any set of squares with a total area of at most 1/2 can be packed into a unit square, which is tight. The proof requires full knowledge of the set,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Sándor P. Fekete , Hella-Franziska Hoffmann

We consider zero temperature packings of soft spheres, that undergo a jamming to unjamming transition as a function of packing fraction. We compare differences in the structure, as measured from the contact statistics, of a finite subsystem…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-08-14 Daniel Hexner , Pierfrancesco Urbani , Francesco Zamponi

Dense, disordered packings of particles are useful models of low-temperature amorphous phases of matter, biological systems, granular media, and colloidal systems. The study of dense packings of nonspherical particles enables one to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-09 Charles Emmett Maher , Frank H. Stillinger , Salvatore Torquato

We prove that in any dimension $n$ there exists an origin-symmetric ellipsoid ${\mathcal{E}} \subset {\mathbb{R}}^n$ of volume $ c n^2 $ that contains no points of ${\mathbb{Z}}^n$ other than the origin, where $c > 0$ is a universal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Boaz Klartag

We study a higher-dimensional analogue of the {Random Travelling Salesman Problem}: let the complete $d$-dimensional simplicial complex $K_n^{d}$ on $n$ vertices be equipped with i.i.d.\ volumes on its facets, uniformly random in $[0,1]$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Agelos Georgakopoulos , John Haslegrave , Joel Larsson Danielsson